Thermal Response of In Vivo Human Skin to Fractional Radiofrequency Microneedle Device

Figure 2

Demonstration of confined zone of denatured collagen or radiofrequency thermal zone (RFTZ), immediately after treatment. (a) RFTZ is initially found at treatment level 2 (50 watts, wave duration of 50 milliseconds (ms), and electrode insertion duration of 300 ms). (b) RFTZ at treatment level 4 (50 watts, wave duration of 100 milliseconds (ms), and electrode insertion duration of 350 ms). (c) RFTZ at treatment level 5 (80 watts, wave duration of 50 milliseconds (ms), and electrode insertion duration of 300 ms), H&E stain; original magnifications: 10x.

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