Coxiella burnetii Seroprevalence and Risk Factors in Cattle Farmers and Farm Residents in Three Northeastern Provinces and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China

Table 2

Bivariate logistic regression analysis of participant-based characteristics associated with Coxiella burnetii positivity among cattle farmers and farm residents in three northeastern provinces and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.

Variable	Category	Freq. ()	Seroprevalence (%)	OR (95% CI)	value
Work and/or live on farm	Work and live	245	40.41	2.03 (0.98–4.22)	0.023
	Work, but not live	73	26.03	1.06 (0.45–2.49)
	Not working, but live	44	25.00	Reference
Hours working on farm	Fulltime	174	37.36	1.32 (0.65–2.66)	0.853
	Halftime	109	35.78	1.23 (0.59–2.59)
	Quarter week	34	32.35	1.06 (0.41–2.76)
	Sometimes/never	45	31.11	Reference
How often in stable	Every day	189	38.62	1.39 (0.70–2.79)	0.426
	Every week	104	35.58	1.22 (0.58–2.58)
	Every month	38	28.95	0.90 (0.35–2.32)
	Less than once a month/never	31	25.81	Reference
Feeding cattle	Yes	299	38.45	2.19 (1.16–4.14)	0.014
	No	63	22.22	Reference
Milking cattle	Yes	203	43.84	2.32 (1.48–3.65)	<0.001
	No	159	25.16	Reference
General healthcare of cattle	Yes	241	42.32	2.56 (1.55–4.21)	<0.001
	No	121	22.31	Reference
Remove manure	Yes	286	35.66	1.01 (0.59–1.71)	0.982
	No	76	35.53	Reference
Spread manure	Yes	258	40.31	2.13 (1.28–3.57)	0.002
	No	104	24.04	Reference
Clean stables	Yes	269	39.03	1.84 (1.09–3.11)	0.022
	No	93	25.81	Reference
Birth assistance	Yes	216	42.59	2.19 (1.38–3.46)	<0.001
	No	146	25.34	Reference
Administration	Yes	219	38.81	1.43 (0.91–2.23)	0.076
	No	143	30.77	Reference
Wear overalls or boots	Yes	233	38.63	1.45 (0.92–2.30)	0.110
	No	129	30.23	Reference
Having a dog	Yes	294	35.03	0.87 (0.51–1.50)	0.619
	No	68	38.24	Reference
Having a cat	Yes	278	35.25	0.93 (0.56–1.55)	0.782
	No	84	36.90	Reference
Direct contact with cattle in their own or other farms	Yes	287	38.68	2.00 (1.12–3.57)	0.018
	No	75	24.00	Reference
Direct contact with horses in their own or other farms	Yes	210	39.52	2.56 (1.61–4.07)	<0.001
	No	152	23.68	Reference
Contact with raw milk	Yes	243	43.21	3.01 (1.80–5.04)	<0.001
	No	119	20.17	Reference
Contact with cattle manure	Yes	225	44.00	2.80 (1.73–4.54)	<0.001
	No	137	21.90	Reference
Contact with dead-born animals	Yes	196	45.41	2.62 (1.67–4.12)	<0.001
	No	166	24.10	Reference
Contact with placenta/birth material	Yes	188	38.30	1.27 (0.83–1.96)	0.272
	No	174	32.76	Reference