Research Article
Prevalence of Diabetic Foot Disease in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus under Renal Replacement Therapy in Lleida, Spain
Table 2
Bivariate and multivariate analysis for risk factors associated with foot ulceration.
| | Risk factor | Foot ulceration | Bivariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | | Yes | No | RR/mean diff. (95% CI) | value | Adjusted value |
| | Gender, (%) | | | | | | | Male | 21 (36.8) | 37 (63.2) | 1.84 (0.87–3.87) | 0.09 | 0.60 | | Female | 7 (20.0) | 28 (80.0) | | Age (years), mean (SD) | 70.1 (12.6) | 71.3 (11.9) | −1.15 (−6.81–4.49) | 0.75 | | | Diabetes, (%) | | | | | | | Type 1 | 4 (36.4) | 7 (63.6) | 1.22 (0.52–2.87) | 0.65 | | Type 2 | 24 (29.6) | 57 (70.4) | | Diabetes duration (years), mean (SD) | 23.4 (11.0) | 21.8 (12.8) | 1.66 (−3.58–6.90) | 0.43 | | | Dialysis duration, mean (SD) | 4.9 (4.7) | 4.7 (4.1) | 0.15 (−1.91–2.22) | 0.93 | | | Current or former smoker, (%) | | | | | | | Yes | 14 (35) | 26 (65.0) | 1.3 (0.70–2.40) | 0.41 | | No | 14 (27.0) | 38 (73.1) | | Dyslipidaemia, (%) | | | | | | | Yes | 19 (30.2) | 44 (69.8) | 0.97 (0.50–1.88) | 0.92 | | No | 9 (31.0) | 38 (73.1) | | Hypertension, (%) | | | | | | | Yes | 25 (32.1) | 53 (68.0) | 1.49 (0.52–4.29) | 0.45 | | No | 3 (21.4) | 11 (78.6) | | Retinopathy, (%) | | | | | | | Yes | 26 (45.6) | 31 (54.4) | 6.84 (ne) | 0.0006 | 0.004 | | No | 0 (0.0) | 14 (100) | | Amaurosis, (%) | | | | | | | Yes | 3 (27.3) | 8 (72.7) | 0.72 (0.26–2.00) | 0.54 | | No | 23 (37.7) | 38 (62.3) | | Stroke, (%) | | | | | | | Yes | 6 (60.0) | 4 (40.0) | 2.23 (1.20–4.15) | 0.04 | 0.73 | | No | 22 (26.8) | 38 (62.3) | | IHD, (%) | | | | | | | Yes | 10 (47.6) | 11 (52.4) | 1.87 (1.03–3.42) | 0.06 | 0.93 | | No | 18 (25.4) | 53 (74.6) | | PN | | | | | | | Yes | 25 (30.5) | 57 (69.5) | 2.43 (0.37–15.70) | 0.32 | | No | 1 (12.5) | 7 (87.5) | | PAD, (%) | | | | | | | Yes | 15 (29.4) | 36 (70.6) | 1.41 (0.58–3.43) | 0.45 | | No | 5 (20.8) | 19 (79.2) | | Foot deformities, (%) | | | | | | | Yes | 14 (28.0) | 36 (72.0) | 0.84 (0.45–1.55) | 0.58 | | No | 14 (33.3) | 38 (66.7) | | AD, (%) | | | | | | | AD3 | 12 (34.3) | 23 (65.7) | 1.43 (0.71–2.85) | 0.31 | | AD1 or AD2 | 11 (23.9) | 35 (76.1) | | Carotid plaques, (%) | | | | | | | Stenosing | 4 (66.7) | 2 (33.3) | 1.43 (0.71–2.85) | 0.05 | 0.013 | | Nonstenosing | 18 (23.9) | 35 (76.1) | | IMT, cm, mean (SD) | 0.9 (0.2) | 0.9 (0.2) | 0.05 (−0.05–0.16) | 0.4 | |
|
|
AD, atheromatous disease; IHD, ischaemic heart disease; IMT, intima-media thickness; ne, nonestimable; PAD, peripheral artery disease; PN, peripheral neuropathy; RR, risk ratio.
|
