The Discovery of Novel Genomic, Transcriptomic, and Proteomic Biomarkers in Cardiovascular and Peripheral Vascular Disease: The State of the Art

Table 1

Main biomarkers associated with CD and PVD with a medium/high level of evidence validated by multiple research and detectable through blood samples.

Main disease and subclass	Genomic biomarkers (genes)	Transcriptomic biomarkers	Proteomic biomarkers
CD
HYT	—	—	MMP-2; MMP-9; MMP-10; (disease development and prognosis)
CAD	—	lncRNA LIPCAR; (disease development and prognosis)	—
Arterial PVD
AAA	LRP1; LDR; SORT1; IL6R; MMP-3; AGTR1; (susceptibility)	—	MMP-9; NGAL; (disease development and prognosis)
CAA	—	—	—
PAD	—	—	—
Venous PVD
VV	FOXC2; (susceptibility)	—	—
CVU	—	—	MMP-9; NGAL; (disease development, prognosis, response to treatment)
VTE	G20210A; Factor V Leiden; (susceptibility)	—	MMP-9; NGAL; (disease development and prognosis)