Isoflurane Is More Deleterious to Developing Brain Than Desflurane: The Role of the Akt/GSK3 Signaling Pathway

Figure 3

Lithium pretreatment attenuated learning and memory impairment of mice treated with isoflurane. (a) The escape latency to find the submerged platform in each group was calculated. (b) In probe trials of MWM, the platform crossing times in each group were calculated and analyzed. (c) In the context trials of FCT, the freezing time in each group 48 hours after training was recorded. The data in (a) and (c) are presented as mean ± SEM. The data in (b) are presented as median and 95% confidence interval. , , and ; in each group. MWM = Morris water maze. FCT = fear conditioning test.

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