Isoflurane Is More Deleterious to Developing Brain Than Desflurane: The Role of the Akt/GSK3 Signaling Pathway

Figure 4

Lithium attenuated isoflurane-induced decrease in Akt and GSK3β phosphorylation in mice hippocampus. (a) Lithium (100 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 30 min before every treatment with a 2 h 2% isoflurane daily for 3 days. Immediately after the last exposure, the expression levels of p-Akt, t-Akt, p-GSK3β, and t-GSK3β in the hippocampus tissues of mice were determined by Western blot analysis. (b) Bar shows the levels of p-Akt/β-actin ratio in (a). (c) Bar shows the levels of t-Akt/β-actin ratio in (a). (d) Bar shows the levels of p-GSK3β/β-actin ratio in (a). (e) Bar shows the levels of t-GSK3β/β-actin ratio in (a). All data are presented as mean ± SEM, and compared with control group; for each group.

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