Advantages and Limitations of Direct PCR Amplification of Bacterial 16S-rDNA from Resected Heart Tissue or Swabs Followed by Direct Sequencing for Diagnosing Infective Endocarditis: A Retrospective Analysis in the Routine Clinical Setting

Table 5

Frequencies and etiology of causative pathogens identified by broad-range PCR in tissue or swab culture-negative IE patients ().

Causative pathogens identified by PCR in culture-negative IE		%
Aerococcus urinae	1	3.0
Anoxybacillus spp.	1	3.0
Bartonella quintana	1	3.0
Enterococci	6	18.2
Gemella haemolysans	1	3.0
Granulicatella adiacens	1	3.0
Propionibacterium acnes	2	6.1
Staphylococcus aureus	4	12.1
Staphylococcus epidermidis	2	6.1
Streptococci	7	21.2
No sequencing possible	7	21.2
Total	33	100