[Retracted] A Comparison between Three-Dimensional Visualization Guided Hepatectomy and Ultrasonography Guided Radiofrequency Ablation in the Treatment of Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma within the Milan Criteria

Table 2

Postoperative complications in the two groups.

Complication & classification	Group		Chi-square	p value
	SR (n)	RFA (n)
Complications (totle)	38	20	= 10.864	0.001
Hydrothorax	4	2
Ascites	7	2
Bile leakage	2	—
Postoperative hemorrhage	1	1
Hepatic failure	—	1
Massive necrosis	—	1
Pneumothorax	—	3
Febrile (>38.5°C & >3 days)	5	2
Pain (PCA included)	23	8
Clavien-Dindo Classification			z = −2.094	0.036
Grade 1	19	16
Grade 2	16	3
Grade 3-4	3	1

Mann-Whitney U test;
PCA: patient controlled analgesia.