| Study | Number of patients (spinal anesthesia/general anesthesia) | Study design | Intra-abdominal CO2 pressure | Patient characteristics | Primary end point | Jadad score |
| Tiwari et al., 2013 [10] | 110/114 | RCT | 8–10 mmHg | Adult patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy | Pain score (VAS), nausea/vomiting, urinary retention, hypotension, headache, back pain, sore throat | 5 | Bessa et al., 2012 [1] | 86/90 | RCT | 10 mmHg | Adult patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy | Pain score (VAS), PONV, urine retention, postoperative spinal headache, wound sepsis | 4 | Tzovaras et al., 2008 [11] | 49/48 | RCT | ≤10 mmHg | Adult patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy | Pain score (VAS), PONV, urinary retention, dizziness | 5 | Kalaivani et al., 2014 [12] | 23/25 | RCT | 12 mmHg | Adult patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy | Pain score (VAS), PONV, urinary retention, postoperative spinal headache, wound sepsis | 3 | Bessa et al., 2010 [4] | 30/30 | RCT | ≤15 mmHg | Adult patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy | Pain score (VAS), PONV, urine retention, postoperative spinal headache, wound sepsis | 4 | Ellakany, 2013 [13] | 20/20 | RCT | ≤10 mmHg | Adult patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy | Pain score (VAS), patient satisfaction, surgeon satisfaction | 4 | Imbelloni et al., 2010 [14] | 34/33 | RCT | ≤8 mmHg | Adult patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy | Pain score (VAS), PONV, urine retention, shoulder pain, pruritus, duration of the sensorial blockade, duration of the motor blockade | 5 | Ross et al. 2013 [21] | 10/10 | RCT | 12–15 mmHg | Adult patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy | Pain score (VAS), shoulder pain, nausea, urinary retention, severe abdominal pain, dizziness | 5 |
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