Apoptotic Signaling Pathways in Glioblastoma and Therapeutic Implications

Table 1

Summary of drugs targeting apoptotic pathways in GBM.

Drug	Target	Mechanism of action		ID; (https://clinicaltrials.gov)	Reference
PI-103	AKT & mTORC1	Prevents phosphorylation of AKT and 4EBP1	PC		[11]
BKM120	PI3K	Direct inhibition of PI3K	Ph I	NCT01339052	[12]
NVP-BEZ235	PI3K and mTOR	ATP-competitive inhibitor of PI3K and mTOR	Ph II	NCT02430363	[13]
Temsirolimus	mTOR	Direct inhibition of mTOR	Ph II	NCT00016328	[14]
Bortezomib	IκB complex	Proteasome inhibitor that blocks IκB degradation	Ph II	NCT00998010	[15]
BAY 11-7082	IκK	Inhibits IκK and prevents NFκB nuclear translocation	PC		[16]
DHMEQ	NFκB	Inhibits NFκB DNA binding	PC		[17]
ABT-737	BCL-2	Direct biding and inhibition of BCL-2	PC		[18]
AT-101	BCL-2, BCL-XL, MCL-1 & BCL-W	BH3 mimetic and BCL-2 family inhibitor	Ph II	NCT00540722	[19]
ABT-263/GX15-070	BCL-2 & MCL-1	Direct biding and inhibition of BCL-2 and MCL-1	PC		[20]
LBW242/BV6	XIAP,; c-IAP1, &; c-IAP2	Smac mimetic	PC		[21–23]

PC: preclinical; Ph I: phase 1 clinical trial; Ph II: phase 2 clinical trial.