Effectiveness of Different Pain Control Methods in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis after Knee Arthroplasty

Table 1

Demographic characteristics of participants (N = 177).

Variables	Group 1 ()			Group 2 ()			value
		%	Mean ± SD		%	Mean ± SD
Gender							.020
Male	44	36.7		11	19.3
Female	76	63.3		46	80.7
Age (years)							.249
Weight							.930
Education level							.436
Preschool	21	17.5		13	22.8
Elementary/secondary	74	61.7		26	45.6
High school/vocational	25	20.8		18	31.6
Surgical site							.904
Left knee	62	51.7		30	52.6
Right knee	58	48.3		27	47.4
Smoking history							.035
No	99	82.5		55	96.5
Yes	11	9.2		1	1.8
Formerly	10	8.3		1	1.8
Drinking history							.061
No	102	85.0		54	94.7
Yes	18	15.0		3	5.3
Analgesic intake							.965
No	72	60.0		34	59.6
Yes	48	40.0		23	40.4
Chronic conditions							.336
No	22	18.3		14	24.6
Yes	98	81.7		43	75.4
Surgical experience							.751
No	30	25.0		13	22.8
Yes	90	75.0		44	77.2
Anesthetic experience							.938
No	28	23.3		13	22.8
Yes	92	76.7		44	77.2
Type of anesthetic							.168
General anesthesia	111	92.5		49	85.9
Spinal anesthesia	9	7.5		8	14.0
Average preoperative pain (NRS)							.964
Highest preoperative pain (NRS)							.984
Preoperative knee angle							.956

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