Primary Tumor Characteristics Are Important Prognostic Factors for Sorafenib-Treated Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Multicenter Study
Table 1
Baseline demographics.
Parameter
Overall ()
First-line ()
(percentage) or median (range)
(percentage) or median (range)
Gender (male/female)
136/41 (76.8/23.2)
91/25 (78.4/21.6)
Age (years)
62.0 ± 10.9
63.8 ± 10.5
Follow-up duration (months)
19.2 (0.2–63.8)
18 (0.2–57.8)
Treatment duration (weeks)
20.1 (1–216)
23.9 (4.4–176)
Body mass index (kg/cm2)
23.3 (14.5–37.2)
23.1 (14.5–37.2)
Comorbidity
Diabetes
42 (23.7)
29 (25.0)
Hypertension
75 (42.4)
49 (42.2)
Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
5 (2.8)
2 (1.7)
Cardiovascular disease
6 (3.4)
6 (5.2)
Liver disease
3 (1.7)
2 (1.7)
Renal disease
8 (4.5)
5 (4.3)
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
1 (0.6)
1 (0.9)
Hypercholesterolemia
3 (1.7)
3 (2.6)
Presenting symptom
101 (57.1)
62 (53.4)
Incidental renal mass
11 (6.2)
9 (7.8)
Symptom developed
83 (46.9)
52 (44.8)
Other
7 (4.0)
1 (0.9)
Body surface area (m2)
≤1.7
74 (41.8)
52 (44.8)
>1.7
87 (49.2)
60 (51.7)
Unknown
16 (9.0)
4 (3.4)
ECOG
0
110 (62.1)
59 (50.9)
1
54 (30.5)
46 (39.7)
2
9 (5.1)
8 (6.9)
3
1 (0.6)
1 (0.9)
Unknown
3 (1.7)
2 (1.7)
Karnofsky performance score
>80
107 (60.5)
63 (54.3)
50–80
22 (12.4)
22 (19.0)
<50
7 (4.0)
6 (5.2)
Unknown
41 (23.2)
25 (21.6)
MSKCC risk criteria
Favorable
49 (27.7)
33 (28.4)
Intermediate
82 (46.3)
48 (41.4)
Poor
9 (5.1)
7 (6.0)
Unknown
37 (20.9)
28 (24.1)
Heng risk criteria
Favorable
39 (22.0)
29 (25.0)
Intermediate
78 (44.1)
46 (39.7)
Poor
19 (10.7)
15 (12.9)
Unknown
41 (23.2)
26 (22.4)
Prior surgical therapy
Nephrectomy (radical/partial/embolization)
150 (135/5/10) [84.7 (76.3/2.8/5.6)]
99 (87/5/7) [85.3 (75/4.3/6.0)]
Metastasectomy
44 (24.9)
26 (22.4)
Prior systemic therapy
56 (31.6)
0
Immuno/chemo/sunitinib therapy
33 (18.6)/4 (2.3)/19 (10.7)
—
Number of metastatic sites (18)
1 organ
94 (53.1)
65 (56.0)
2 organs
44 (24.9)
27 (23.3)
3 organs
19 (10.7)
10 (8.6)
≥4 organs
8 (4.5)
4 (3.4)
Unknown
12 (6.8)
10 (8.6)
Metastatic sites
3 (1–5)
3 (1–5)
Brain
42 (23.7)
33 (28.4)
Bone
38 (21.5)
23 (19.8)
Liver
17 (9.6)
9 (7.8)
Lung
124 (70.1)
81 (69.8)
Lymph node
34 (19.2)
23 (19.8)
Pancreas
8 (4.5)
7 (6.0)
Kidney, contralateral
7 (4.0)
5 (4.3)
Other
30 (16.9)
17 (14.7)
Primary kidney tumor-related parameter
Size of primary tumor (cm)
8 (1–117)
8 (1–117)
Collecting system invasion
28 (15.8)
16 (13.8)
Capsule invasion
36 (20.3)
24 (20.7)
Lymphovascular invasion
34 (19.2)
29 (25.0)
Tumor necrosis
46 (26.0)
31 (26.7)
TNM stage
T1
25 (14.1)
16 (13.8)
T2
35 (19.8)
25 (21.6)
T3
74 (41.8)
54 (46.6)
T4
8 (4.5)
8 (6.9)
Tx
35 (19.8)
13 (11.2)
N1
27 (15.3)
22 (19.0)
M1
131 (74.0)
85 (73.3)
Fuhrman grade
1
5 (2.8)
2 (1.7)
2
39 (22.0)
26 (22.4)
3
69 (39.0)
47 (40.5)
4
36 (20.3)
23 (19.8)
Unknown
28 (15.8)
18 (15.5)
Histology
Clear cell, pure
159 (89.8)
110 (94.8)
Non-clear cell
3 (1.7)
1 (0.9)
Unknown
15 (8.5)
5 (4.3)
Best overall response (CR + PR + SD)
94 (53.1)
65 (56.0)
Complete remission
6 (3.4)
4 (3.4)
Partial response
33 (18.6)
23 (19.8)
Stable disease
55 (31.1)
38 (32.8)
Progressive
83 (46.9)
51 (44.0)
Progression-free survival (median months)
6.4 (5.2–8.9)
7.4 (5.5–10.0)
Overall survival (median months)
32.6 (27.3–63.8)
NR
Survival
114 (64.4)
85 (73.3)
Cancer-specific death
51 (28.8)
24 (20.7)
Progressive disease = progressive disease + not evaluated disease. CR, complete response; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; MSKCC, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; NR, not yet reached; PR: partial response; SD, stable disease.
