Primary Tumor Characteristics Are Important Prognostic Factors for Sorafenib-Treated Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Multicenter Study

Table 5

Multivariate analyses of prognostic factors for overall survival in first-line sorafenib-treated patients ().

	⁢Univariate analysis of OS			⁢Multivariate analysis of OS
Category	Hazard ratio	value	95% confidence interval	Hazard ratio	value	95% confidence interval
Gender, female							0.34	0.076	0.10–1.12
Age ≥65 years	1.13	0.736	0.55–2.36
KPS <80%	1.55	0.374	0.59–4.07
LDH >1.5x ULN	0.64	0.659	0.09–4.74
Hemoglobin <LLN	2.10	0.044	1.02–4.30	1.14	0.824	0.36–3.67
cCa >10 mg/dL	0.53	0.390	0.13–2.24
Time from diagnosis to treatment <1 year	2.16	0.048	1.01–4.63	1.36	0.584	0.45–4.07
Leukocytosis	1.36	0.685	0.31–5.88
Thrombocytosis	8.95	0.000	3.08–26.05	4.92	0.068	0.89–27.30
Hypoalbuminemia	2.66	0.035	1.07–6.62	1.94	0.337	0.50–7.46
Prior nephrectomy	0.69	0.714	0.09–5.11
Prior metastasectomy	0.86	0.748	0.34–2.17
Brain metastasis	1.18	0.674	0.55–2.50
Bone metastasis	3.25	0.001	1.57–6.73	5.28	0.015	1.38–20.19
Liver metastasis	2.55	0.087	0.87–7.44
Lung metastasis	0.83	0.627	0.39–1.76
Lymph node metastasis	1.71	0.192	0.76–3.86
Pancreas	0.56	0.563	0.08–4.08
Contralateral kidney	0.79	0.814	0.11–5.78
Metastatic sites
1	1.00
2-3	1.74	0.150	0.82–3.70
≥4	2.89	0.160	0.66–12.66
T stage
T1-2	1.00			1.00
T3-4	2.45	0.050	1.00–6.01	4.10	0.038	1.08–15.51
N1	2.14	0.120	0.82–5.56
M1	7.15	0.054	0.97–52.98
Fuhrman grade
1-2	1.00
3-4	1.85	0.264	0.63–5.45
Tumor-related factor
Primary tumor size
<4 cm	1.00			1.00
4–7 cm	1.08	0.909	0.29–4.00	0.70	0.633	0.16–3.02
>7 cm	0.81	0.751	0.22–2.95	0.31	0.142	0.07–1.48
Collecting system invasion	2.31	0.130	0.78–6.85
Capsule invasion	0.69	0.483	0.25–1.92
Lymphovascular invasion	2.45	0.068	0.94–6.39
Tumor necrosis	2.75	0.061	0.95–7.93

KPS, Karnofsky performance status; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; ULN, upper limit normal; LLN, lower limit normal; cCa, corrected calcium.