Evaluation of Mobile Phone and Cordless Phone Use and Glioma Risk Using the Bradford Hill Viewpoints from 1965 on Association or Causation
Table 3
Consistency. Numbers of cases (Ca), controls (Co), and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for glioma and latency in three different case-control studies, Interphone 2010 (mobile phone) [2], Coureau et al. 2014 (mobile phone) [39], and Hardell and Carlberg 2015 (wireless phones) [38].
Interphone Appendix
Coureau et al. 2014
Hardell and Carlberg 2015
Meta-analysis
Ca/Co
OR (95% CI)
Ca/Co
OR (95% CI)
Ca/Co
OR (95% CI)
Ca/Co
OR (95% CI)
Unexposed
93/159
(1.0) —
107/219
(1.0) —
306/1,058
(1.0) —
506/1,436
(1.0) —
Latency
2–4 years
460/451
1.68 (1.16–2.41)
49/122
0.88 (0.56–1.39)
215/575
1.17 (0.95–1.44)
724/1,148
1.22 (0.90–1.66)
5–9 years
468/491
1.54 (1.06–2.22)
66/111
1.34 (0.87–2.06)
339/799
1.27 (1.05–1.54)
873/1,401
1.33 (1.13–1.55)
10+ years
190/150
2.18 (1.43–3.31)
22/31
1.61 (0.85–3.09)
520/1,098
1.39 (1.15–1.67)
732/1,279
1.62 (1.20–2.19)
Unexposed Interphone Appendix : latency 1–1.9 years; unexposed in Coureau et al.: not regular user; unexposed Hardell and Carlberg: no use + latency ≤ 1 year. 1–4 years in Coureau et al.