BioMed Research International

Research Article

Major Maternal Dietary Patterns during Early Pregnancy and Their Association with Neonatal Anthropometric Measurement

Table 6

General characteristics of the study participants across different categories of dietary patterns.


		Healthy					Western					Traditional
		Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	P	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	P	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	P

BMI (kg/m²)	Normal	25.7%¹	23.7%	26.5%	24.1%	0.5	25.2%	23.5%	25.2%	26.1%	0.6	24.1%	24.1%	27.2%	24.6%	0.4
BMI (kg/m²)	Overweight	24.2%	26.7%	23%	26.1%	0.5	24.7%	27%	24.7%	23.6%	0.6	26.1%	26.1%	22.2%	25.6%	0.4
Mother’s occupation	Housekeeper	25.3%	26.6%	25.9%	22.2%	0.01	23.9%	25.2%	25.3%	25.6%	0.4	24.5%	26.4%	25%	24.1%	0.3
	Employed	21.4%	19.8%	20.6%	38.1%		29.4%	25.4%	20.6%	24.6%		27.8%	19.8%	24.6%	27.8%
	Teacher	28.9%	15.8%	26.3%	28.9%		26.3%	18.4%	36.8%	18.4%		23.7%	15.8%	23.7%	36.8%
Father’s occupation	Employed	17.4%	22.3%	29.3%	31%	<0.001	22.7%	23.1%	23.1%	31%	0.001	26.9%	21.9%	23.1%	28.1%	0.5
	Self-employed	27%	29.3%	22.7%	21.1%		24.5%	23.3%	26.3%	25.9%		23.6%	27%	26.3%	23.1%
	Worker	33.9%	14.2%	25.2%	26.8%		32.3%	33.1%	23.6%	11%		26.8%	23.6%	23.6%	26%
Mother’s education	Undergraduate	25.4%	25.4%	25.1%	24%	0.9	25.7%	23.5%	27.3%	23.5%	0.4	21.3%	28.1%	27.6%	23%	0.03
Mother’s education	Graduate	24.8%	24.6%	24.6%	26%	0.9	24.4%	26%	23.3%	26.4%	0.4	28.2%	22.3%	23%	26.4%	0.03
Father’s education	Undergraduate	28.3%	26.7%	23.1%	21.8%	0.01	22.5%	23.8%	27.6%	26.1%	0.1	22.7%	28.5%	25.4%	23.4%	0.02
Father’s education	Graduate	21.2%	22.9%	26.7%	29.2%	0.01	27.5%	26.4%	22%	24%	0.1	28.1%	20.1%	24.5%	27.3%	0.02
Socioeconomic status	Low	28.1%	23.4%	31.2%	17.2%	0.5	32.8%	31.2%	21.9%	14.1%	0.02	12.5%	37.5%	29.7%	20.3%	<0.001
	Moderate	25.2%	27.6%	25.2%	22.1%		20.1%	21.8%	31%	27.2%		20.7%	32.3%	26.2%	20.7%
	High	23.7%	25.6%	24%	26.6%		24.3%	24%	23.2%	28.5%		27.2%	19%	23.5%	30.3%
Delivery	Cesarean	26.9%	24.1%	25.5%	23.4%	0.7	22.4%	22%	30.8%	24.8%	0.02	24.8%	24.8%	24.1%	26.2%	0.9
Delivery	Normal	24%	25.2%	24.8%	26%	0.7	26.5%	26.7%	21.6%	25.2%	0.02	25.2%	25%	25.4%	24.4%	0.9
IUGR	No	25.3%	24.8%	25.8%	24.1%	0.02	23.9%	24.5%	25.9%	25.7%	0.002	24.1%	25.4%	25.2%	25.3%	0.3
IUGR	Yes	24.3%	24.3%	8.1%	43.2%	0.02	45.9%	32.4%	8.1%	13.5%	0.002	37.8%	18.9%	21.6%	21.6%	0.3
Preterm birth	No	24.6%	25.2%	25.2%	25.1%	0.04	25.2%	24.7%	24.8%	25.3%	0.1	24.4%	24.8%	25.6%	25.2%	0.1
Preterm birth	Yes	52.9%	5.9%	23.5%	17.6%	0.04	17.6%	41.2%	35.3%	5.9%	0.1	41.2%	35.3%	5.9%	17.6%	0.1
Stillbirth	No	24.8%	25.1%	25.2%	24.9%	0.16	25.2%	24.5%	25.1%	25.1%	0.01	24.8%	25%	25.2%	25%	0.3
Stillbirth	Yes	50%	12.5%	0%	37.5%	0.16	0%	75%	12.5%	12.5%	0.01	50%	25%	0%	25%	0.3
Abortion	No	25.8%	25.8%	24%	24.3%	0.3	25.4%	24.6%	24.8%	25.2%	0.9	24.8%	25.1%	24.8%	25.4%	0.9
Abortion	Yes	21.6%	21.6%	29%	27.8%	0.3	23.5%	26.5%	25.9%	24.1%	0.9	25.9%	24.7%	25.9%	23.5%	0.9
Activity	Very low	55.6%	22.2%	11.1%	11.1%	0.02	22.2%	44.4%	22.2%	11.1%	0.1	11.1%	22.2%	22.2%	44.4%	0.5
	Low	25.8%	28.9%	21.3%	24.1%		25.2%	26.2%	23.9%	24.7%		27.8%	24.3%	24.9%	23%
	Moderate	22.5%	19.1%	31.3%	27.1%		24.8%	26%	26%	23.3%		22.5%	26.3%	25.6%	25.6%
	High	20%	27.7%	30.8%	21.5%		23.1%	9.2%	30.8%	36.9%		16.9%	29.2%	24.6%	29.2%

BMI: body mass index; IUGR: intrauterine growth retardation.
from ANOVA for quantitative variables and chi-square test for categorical data.
are presented as percent.