House Mice as a Real Sanitary Threat of Human and Animal Leptospirosis: Proposal for Integrated Management

Table 1

Mice leptospires carriage and Vkorc1 mutations.

Mice	Sex	Leptospires carriage		VKORC1 mutations			Resistance to AVK as reported by [24]
		Species	Serogroup	Exon 1	Exon 2	Exon 3
S1	Male	L. Interrogans & kirschneri	Grippotyphosa	WT	WT	Y139C	+++
S2	Male	L. kirschneri	Icterohaemorrhagiae	WT	WT	Y139C	+++
S3	Male	X	X	WT	WT	WT	-
S4	Female	X	X	R12W/A26S/E37E	WT	WT	+
S5	Female	L. kirschneri	Grippotyphosa	R12W/A26S/E37E/A48T	R61L	WT	+++
S6	Male	X	X	WT	WT	WT	-
S7	Female	X	X	WT	WT	WT	-
S8	Female	X	X	WT	WT	WT	-
S9	Female	L. interrogans	Failed analyses	WT	WT	Y139C	+++
S10	Male	L. biflexa	ND	WT	WT	WT	-
S11	Male	L. kirschneri	Icterohaemorrhagiae	WT	WT	WT	-
S12	Female	L. biflexa	ND	R12W/A26S/A48T	R61L	WT	+ to +++

Presumptive serogroup; heterozygous mutation; homozygous mutation; WT: wild type; X: no leptospiral carriage found; ND: not done. Level of resistance induced by specific Vkorc1 genotype was previously reported by [25] and is indicated in this table as -, no AVKs resistance; +, limited AVKs resistance; and +++, severe AVKs resistance.