Helicobacter pylori Infection, Virulence Genes’ Distribution and Accompanying Clinical Outcomes: The West Africa Situation

Table 1

H. pylori virulence factors and related clinical outcome in some West Africa countries.

Country	H. pylori genotypes	Clinical outcomes	Reference
Ghana	vacAs1m1	Increased risk of duodenal ulcer disease	[66]
	vacAs1m2	Duodenal ulcer (reduced risk as compared to vacAs1m1)
	cagA13-(hydrophilic region)	Duodenal ulcer
	cagA24-(region of internal duplication)	Erosive gastritis
Nigeria	iceA1	Normal pathology	[61]
	iceA2	Normal pathology
	vacAs1m1	Normal pathology
	vacAs1m2	Normal pathology
	vacAs2m1	Normal pathology
	vacAs2m2	Normal pathology
	cagA	Normal pathology
Senegal	cagA	Gastric cancer	[70]
	vacAs1	Gastric cancer
	vacAm1	Not associated with an enhanced risk of Gastric cancer
Gambia	vacAs1	Not correlated with disease outcomes	[146]
	vacAs2
	vacAm1
	vacAm2
	cagA
	iceA1
	iceA2