Association of Cystatin C with Metabolic Syndrome and Its Prognostic Performance in Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome with Preserved Renal Function
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of the study population.
Variables
Total
Cystatin C
P value
N = 422
Low (≤ 0.90 mg/L, n = 211)
High (> 0.90 mg/L, n = 211)
Age(years)
60.51 ± 10.07
57.47 ± 10.08
63.55 ± 9.12
<0.001
Male, n (%)
283 (67.1)
142 (67.3)
141 (66.8)
0.918
BMI (kg/m2)
24.25 ± 3.26
24.40 ± 3.33
24.10 ± 3.20
0.336
Smoking, n (%)
187 (44.3)
91 (43.1)
96 (45.5)
0.624
Hypertension, n (%)
132 (31.3)
70 (33.2)
62 (29.4)
0.401
Diabetes, n (%)
132 (31.3)
56 (26.5)
76 (36.0)
0.036
Stroke history, n (%)
45 (10.7)
24 (11.4)
21 (10.0)
0.636
Metabolic syndrome, n (%)
134 (31.8)
51 (24.2)
83 (39.3)
0.001
Killip class > 1, n (%)
162 (38.4)
39 (18.5)
123 (58.3)
<0.001
Multivessel disease, n (%)
245 (58.1)
58 (27.5)
187 (88.6)
<0.001
SYNTAX score
11.0 (7.0–18.0)
7.0 (4.0–11.0)
16.5 (12.0–23.0)
<0.001
GRACE score for 6 months
100.0 (81.0–122.0)
85.0 (70.0–101.0)
117.0 (98.0–132.0)
<0.001
Medication
ACEI/ARB, n (%)
355 (84.1)
175 (82.9)
180 (85.3)
0.505
Beta-blocker, n (%)
327 (77.5)
161 (76.3)
166 (78.7)
0.560
PCI/CABG, n (%)
346 (82.0)
174 (82.5)
172 (81.5)
0.800
Laboratory parameters
TG (mmol/L)
1.44 (1.01–2.01)
1.31 (0.95–1.94)
1.48 (1.08–2.11)
0.020
LDL-C (mmol/L)
2.72 ± 0.81
2.70 ± 0.79
2.73 ± 0.82
0.723
HDL-C (mmol/L)
1.01 (0.85–1.18)
1.02 (0.86–1.22)
1.00 (0.85–1.17)
0.295
TG/HDL-C ratio
1.416 (0.949–2.201)
1.320 (0.882–1.972)
1.511 (1.007–2.279)
0.009
FBG (mmol/L)
5.15 (4.60–6.16)
4.98 (4.56–5.90)
5.30 (4.62–6.35)
0.067
HbA1c (%)
6.0 (5.7–6.6)
5.9 (5.6–6.4)
6.1 (5.8–6.7)
0.011
Cystatin C (mg/L)
0.90 (0.76–1.04)
0.76 (0.69–0.83)
1.04 (0.96–1.15)
<0.001
Uric acid (μmol/L)
339.7 (283.4–405.8)
327.3 (266.0–388.6)
357.6 (306.7–426.5)
<0.001
Creatinine (μmol/L)
72.6 ± 14.8
67.6 ± 13.3
77.6 ± 14.6
<0.001
eGFR-MDRD (mL/min 1.73 m2)
96.1 (80.6–108.1)
101.4 (91.4–117.4)
86.2 (74.8–100.9)
<0.001
BNP (pg/mL)
69.7 (21.0–183.0)
46.5 (12.9–116.0)
102.5 (39.5–314.3)
<0.001
WBC (109/mL)
6.75 (5.64–8.43)
6.71 (5.61–8.30)
6.76 (5.75–8.81)
0.604
Neutrophil (109/mL)
4.33 (3.33–5.88)
4.23 (3.28–5.54)
4.47 (3.39–6.34)
0.226
Monocyte (109/mL)
0.52 (0.39–0.66)
0.48 (0.38–0.64)
0.54 (0.43–0.67)
0.064
Lymphocyte (109/mL)
1.57 (1.23–1.96)
1.63 (1.30–2.08)
1.50 (1.16–1.83)
0.002
NLR
2.77 (1.90–4.12)
2.61 (1.78–3.63)
3.00 (2.04–4.51)
0.004
MLR
0.33 (0.24–0.45)
0.29 (0.23–0.40)
0.35 (0.27–0.49)
<0.001
CRP (μg/mL)
6.25 (5.00–11.03)
5.00 (5.00–6.00)
10.30 (7.03–17.50)
<0.001
D-dimer (mg/L)
0.26 (0.15–0.51)
0.22 (0.14–0.46)
0.28 (0.16–0.63)
0.020
Fibrinogen (g/L)
2.91 (2.45–3.60)
2.76 (2.32–3.51)
3.08 (2.57–3.72)
0.004
Data are expressed as mean±SD, median (IQR) or n (%). Abbreviations. BMI: body mass index; ACEI: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting; TG: triglyceride; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG/HDL-C ratio: triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio; FBG: fasting blood glucose; eGFR-MDRD: estimated glomerular filtration rate based on MDRD equation; BNP: B-type natriuretic peptide; WBC: white blood cell; NLR: neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; MLR: monocyte to lymphocyte ratio; CRP: C-reaction protein.
