Wealth Status, Health Insurance, and Maternal Health Care Utilization in Africa: Evidence from Gabon
Table 3
Unmatched logit model and propensity score matching of health insurance coverage associated with ANC, facility-based delivery, and postnatal care.
Wealth quintile
Maternal health care
Unmatched logit model
Propensity score-matched logit model
Unadjusted OR
95% CI
Adjusted OR
95% CI
ATEP β
95% CI
ATET β
95% CI
Poorest
ANC (≥4)
0.88
0.72, 1.08
1.03
0.81, 1.31
−0.02
−0.08, 0.05
−0.01
−0.08, 0.07
Facility-based delivery
0.79
0.63, 0.99
1.04
0.78, 1.39
−0.01
−0.07, 0.04
−0.01
−0.08, 0.05
Postnatal care
0.91
0.74, 1.12
1.02
0.80, 1.30
−0.02
−0.08, 0.04
−0.01
−0.09, 0.07
Poorer
ANC (≥4)
0.98
0.72, 1.33
1.13
0.78, 1.62
0.05
−0.05, 0.07
−0.05
−0.12, 0.03
Facility-based delivery
1.30
0.79, 2.13
1.59
0.87, 2.89
0.01
−0.03, 0.05
0.00
−0.04, 0.05
Postnatal care
1.05
0.79, 1.40
1.18
0.83, 1.67
−0.01
−0.08, 0.08
−0.02
−0.14, 0.09
Middle
ANC (≥4)
0.86
0.58, 1.27
0.95
0.59, 1.53
−0.02
−0.10, 0.06
0.01
−0.09, 0.11
Facility-based delivery
0.59
0.28, 1.22
0.60
0.23, 1.60
−0.01
−0.05, 0.03
−0.01
−0.07, 0.06
Postnatal care
0.74
0.50, 1.08
0.85
0.55, 1.33
−0.01
−0.09, 0.08
0.02
−0.10, 0.13
Richer
ANC (≥4)
1.39
0.76, 2.54
1.30
0.61, 2.75
0.03
−0.02, 0.08
−0.03
−0.10, 0.05
Facility-based delivery
0.99
0.40, 2.47
1.10
0.35, 3.46
0.02
−0.01, 0.05
−0.00
−0.05, 0.05
Postnatal care
0.87
0.55, 1.36
0.82
0.47, 1.43
0.02
−0.09, 0.13
−0.04
−0.13, 0.05
Richest
ANC (≥4)
2.48
1.06, 5.83
2.58
0.90, 7.43
0.05
−0.00, 0.11
0.07
−0.00, 0.14
Facility-based delivery
1.76
0.51, 6.12
4.12
0.49, 34.39
0.05
0.01, 0.10
0.07
−0.01, 0.15
Postnatal care
1.59
0.93, 2.74
1.86
0.94, 3.65
0.11
0.01, 0.20
0.18
0.07, 0.29
OR = odds ratio; β = regression parameter; CI = confidence interval; significant at ; ATEP = average treatment effect in population; ATET = average treatment effect on the treated, model adjusted for age, place of residence, region, religion, reading newspaper/magazine, listening to radio, watching TV, maternal education, child wanted, age at first birth, and parity.
