No. Form Conc. Chemical antioxidant tests Biological text of in vitro Exp. parameters Biological activity Pathway References 1 GLP 0.5-3.0 mg/mL RS = Scavenging of free radicals and reducing power Antioxidant NM [89 ] 2 G . lucidum and Egyptian Chlorella vulgarisCVE (63.5 μ g/mL) was mixed with GLE (4.1 μ g/mL) RS Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated white blood cells Nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory Downregulate NF-κ B [39 ] 3 Polysaccharides in G . lucidum 2 mg/mL RS NM Radical scavenging reducing power Antioxidant NM [90 ] 4 G . lucidum extract50 mg RS NM Reducing power Antimicrobial and antioxidant NM [40 ] 5 Ganoderma lucidum G20.32 mg RS DNA protection Radical scavenging reducing power Antimicrobial and antioxidant NM [41 ] 6 Protein extracts 2–13 μ g protein/mL AP DNA protection Radical scavenging reducing power Antioxidant, antibacterial NM [42 ] 7 Polysaccharides extraction = FR MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and HeLa cells Radical scavenging Antioxidant NM [43 ] 8 G . lucidum and G. resinaceum0.1–1 & FR In vitro cell line Radical-scavenging chelating lipoxygenase assay Antiproliferative & antioxidant NM [44 ] 9 Diff, organic solvent o G . lucidum 1-200 μ g/mL FR NM Radical scavenging, chelating lipid peroxidation Antioxidant NM [45 ] 10 Both aqueous and methanolic extracts 0.2–30 mg/mL of extraction FR NM Radical scavenging, chelating lipid peroxidation Antioxidant NM [46 ] 11 Low-molecular-weight β -1,3-glucan 0–200 μ g/mL AP Mouse monocyte-macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7 H2 O2 -induced apoptosis Antioxidant Attenuating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibiting sphingomyelinase (SMase) activity [51 ] 12 Polysaccharides 0.16-10 mg/mL FR NM Radical scavenging, chelating reducing power Antioxidant NM [47 ] 13 G . lucidum water-soluble and water-insoluble80-1100 μ g/ml FR Human uroepithelial cell (HUC-PC) cells Radical scavenging, chelating reducing power Antioxidant Oxidative DNA damage. Lingzhi-induced apoptosis in bladder chemoprevention [48 ] 14 Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides0.1-0.6 mg/ml RS CCl-induced injury hepatocytes DNA protection MDA, SOD, CYP3A, caspase-3, andcaspase-8 Suppressing inflammatory responses Reduction of NF-κ B activation inhibition of caspase-3, caspase-6, and caspase-9, indicating and suppression extrinsic-induced apoptosis [52 ] 15 Ganoderic acid A 10-80 lM/mL NM Pancreatic cells Radical scavenging Antioxidant β -Catenin in Wnt signaling pathway[54 ] 16 Aqueous extract of G . lucidum 5-20 μ L NM DNA protection Radical scavenging Antioxidant Enhancing reactivity of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonucleases (APE1) a major enzyme of base excision repair (BER) [91 ] 17 Methanolic extract of G . lucidum 65 & 130 μ g/mL NM Human gastric tumor cells Increased the formation of autophagosomes Induces autophagy Increasing of the cellular levels of LC3-II and decreasing p62 (autophagy-related protein) [92 ] 18 G . lucidum (GLPS) and G. sinense (GSPS)19–300 μ g/mL NM RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells Nitric oxide secretion of cytokines Immunomodulatory Promoting macrophage phagocytosis, increasing their release of nitric oxide and cytokines interleukin- (IL-) 1a, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α [56 ] 19 Proteopolysaccharide from G . lucidum 2 - 10 μ g/mL NM RAW264.7, a mouse macrophage cell line Nitrite production Activation the immune system by modulating cytokine production. NM [57 ]
