Research Article

How Have Intravitreal Anti-VEGF and Dexamethasone Implant Been Used in Italy? A Multiregional, Population-Based Study in the Years 2010–2016

Table 1

Characteristics of incident anti-VEGF/dexamethasone users, stratified by drug dispensed at the index date.

Ranibizumab N = 30,298 (%)Aflibercept N = 4,689 (%)Pegaptanib N = 525 (%)Dexamethasone N = 5,303 (%)Overall N = 40,815 (%)

Sex
 Female16,735 (55.2)2,594 (55.3)272 (51.8)2,442 (46.0)22,043 (54.0)
 Male13,563 (44.8)2,095 (44.7)253 (48.2)2,861 (54.0)18,772 (46.0)

Age (years), median (IQR)73.7 (67.0–82.0)76.1 (71.0–83.0)78.0 (73.0–83.0)70.0 (63.0–78.0)73.5 (67.0–82.0)

Age classes
 <655,434 (17.9)518 (11.0)30 (5.7)1,462 (27.6)7,444 (18.2)
 65–748,510 (28.1)1,201 (25.6)122 (23.2)1,745 (32.9)11,578 (28.4)
 75–8411,842 (39.1)2,116 (45.1)267 (50.9)1,699 (32.0)15,924 (39.0)
 ≥854,512 (14.9)854 (18.2)106 (20.2)397 (7.5)5,869 (14.4)

Centre
 Lombardy26,270 (86.7)3,790 (80.8)508 (96.8)4,776 (90.1)35,344 (86.6)
 Sicily3,100 (10.2)811 (17.3)10 (1.9)381 (7.2)4,302 (10.5)
 Calabria673 (2.2)80 (1.7)7 (1.3)124 (2.3)884 (2.2)
 Basilicata255 (0.8)8 (0.2)22 (0.4)285 (0.7)

FU (years), median (Q1-Q3)2.6 (1.0–4.0)0.9 (0–2.0)4.3 (3.0–6.0)1.9 (1.0–3.0)2.3 (1.0–3.0)

Comorbidities
Cardio- and cerebrovascular disease
 Hypertension23,041 (76.0)3,717 (79.2)438 (83.4)4,046 (76.3)31,242 (76.5)
 Heart failure1,678 (5.5)299 (6.4)33 (6.3)344 (6.5)2,354 (5.8)
 Arrhythmias3,268 (10.8)619 (13.2)83 (15.8)545 (10.3)4,515 (11.1)
 Venous or arterial TE292 (1.0)44 (0.9)4 (0.8)51 (1.0)391 (1.0)
 Ischemic heart disease2,627 (8.7)439 (9.4)66 (12.6)535 (10.1)3,667 (9.0)
 Stroke and TIA4,208 (13.8)744 (15.8)124 (23.6)873 (16.4)6,029 (14.7)

Metabolic disease
 Dyslipidemia13,410 (44.3)2,133 (45.5)236 (45.0)2,352 (44.4)18,131 (44.4)
 Diabetes mellitus9,918 (32.7)1,160 (24.7)101 (19.2)1,688 (31.8)12,867 (31.5)

Neurodegenerative disorders
 Parkinson’s disease686 (2.3)148 (3.2)15 (2.9)122 (2.3)971 (2.4)
 Dementia207 (0.7)35 (0.7)4 (0.8)24 (0.5)270 (0.7)

Other diseases
 CKD768 (2.5)133 (2.8)16 (3.0)207 (3.9)1124 (2.8)
 COPD576 (1.9)194 (4.1)5 (1.0)102 (1.9)877 (2.1)
 Glaucoma1,767 (5.8)205 (4.4)30 (5.7)283 (5.3)2,285 (5.6)
 Cancer5,581 (18.4)1,038 (22.1)86 (16.4)900 (17)7,605 (18.6)

Comorbidities Charlson’s index
 016,271 (53.7)2,628 (56.0)304 (57.9)2,894 (54.6)22,097 (54.1)
 11,739 (5.7)370 (7.9)67 (12.8)269 (5.1)2,445 (6.0)
 21,823 (6.0)397 (8.5)37 (7.0)366 (6.9)2,623 (6.4)
 36,027 (19.9)767 (16.4)71 (13.5)950 (17.9)7,815 (19.1)
 ≥44,438 (14.6)527 (11.2)46 (8.8)824 (15.5)5,835 (14.3)

Number of drugs
 03,401 (11.2)559 (11.9)31 (5.9)561 (10.6)4,552 (11.2)
 1–310,660 (35.2)1,609 (34.3)140 (26.7)1,932 (36.4)14,341 (35.1)
 4–69,085 (30.0)1,435 (30.6)195 (37.1)1,555 (29.3)12,270 (30.1)
 >67,152 (23.6)1,086 (23.2)159 (30.3)1,255 (23.7)9,652 (23.6)

CDK: chronic kidney disease; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FU: follow-up; IQR: interquartile range (i.e., 1st - 3rd quartiles); TE: thromboembolism; TIA: transient ischemic attack; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor. Within 90 days prior to the index date.