L-Lysine Ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mellitus

Table 4

Serum and tissue levels of oxidative stress biomarkers and HSP70 in different groups.

Parameters	Sample (unit)	Groups
		Healthy	DM + vehicle	DM + Lys	Healthy + Lys
Malondialdehyde (MDA)	Serum (μmol/L)
	Tissue (μmol/mg protein)
Nitric oxide (NO)	Serum (μmol/L)
	Tissue (μmol/mg protein)
Superoxidase dismutases (SOD)	Serum (U/L)
	Tissue (U/mg protein)
Catalase	Serum (KU/L)
	Tissue (KU/mg protein)
Total antioxidant capacity (TAC)	Serum (μmol/L)
	Tissue (μmol/mg protein)
Glutathione (GSH)	Serum (mmol/L)
	Tissue (mmol/mg protein)
Protein carbonyl	Serum (μmol/L)
	Tissue (μmol/mg protein)
HSP70	Tissue (ng/ml)

#: Significant difference with the DM + vehicle group at a level of <0.001. : Significant difference with the DM + vehicle group at a level of <0.01.