Survival and Predictors of Mortality among Adults Initiating Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study (2007-2019)
Table 2
Mortality among PLHIV initiating HAART in Ethiopia disaggregated by different characteristics and calendar years of HAART initiation (2007-2019).
Characteristics
2007-2010
2011-2013
2014-2016
2017-2019
Region
Tigray
66/307 (21.50)
53/567 (9.35)
16/374 (4.28)
30/256 (11.72)
Afar
11/58 (18.97)
19/220 (8.64)
10/187 (5.35)
11/158 (6.96)
Amhara
69/282 (24.47)
56/554 (10.11)
27/414 (6.52)
22/305 (7.21)
Oromia
46/210 (21.90)
48/538 (8.92)
19/454 (4.19)
31/340 (9.12)
Somalia
10/49 (20.41)
14/136 (10.29)
11/144 (7.64)
16/119 (13.45)
Benishangul
23/120 (19.17)
17/155 (10.97)
4/126 (3.17)
5/86 (5.81)
SNNP
29/191 (15.18)
57/542 (10.52)
12/391 (3.07)
22/267 (8.24)
Gambella
19/76 (25.00)
13/208 (6.25)
7/192 (3.65)
10/202 (4.95)
Harari
23/113 (20.35)
18/182 (9.89)
5/172 (2.91)
21/143 (14.69)
Dire Dawa
9/51 (17.65)
21/165 (12.73)
4/154 (2.60)
12/82 (14.63)
Addis Ababa
97/424 (22.88)
72/601 (11.98)
18/396 (4.55)
29/302 (9.60)
Age (year)
15-24
5/37 (13.51)
5/98 (5.10)
2/130 (1.54)
15/171 (8.77)
25-34
45/254 (17.72)
89/849 (10.48)
39/931 (4.19)
66/835 (7.90)
35-44
165/783 (21.07)
150/1578 (9.51)
56/1175 (4.77)
82/779 (10.53)
45-54
122/523 (23.33)
92/887 (10.37)
22/534 (4.12)
25/300 (8.33)
55-64
44/208 (21.15)
43/351 (12.25)
10/183 (5.46)
16/135 (11.85)
≥65
21/76 (27.63)
9/105 (8.57)
4/51 (7.84)
5/40 (12.50)
Gender
Female
244/1168 (20.89)
251/2490 (10.08)
80/1987 (4.03)
131/1507 (8.69)
Male
158/713 (22.16)
137/1378 (9.94)
53/1017 (5.21)
78/753 (10.36)
Residency
Urban
383/1797 (21.31)
350/3575 (9.79)
118/2683 (4.40)
188/2034 (9.24)
Rural
19/84 (22.62)
38/293 (12.97)
15/321 (4.67)
21/226 (9.29)
Educational status
No formal education
78/378 (20.63)
81/958 (8.46)
45/786 (5.73)
60/642 (9.35)
Primary school education
159/778 (20.44)
183/1660 (11.02)
51/1323 (3.85)
72/959 (7.51)
Secondary school
105/448 (23.44)
70/746 (9.38)
25/575 (4.35)
44/405 (10.86)
College or university
60/277 (21.66)
54/504 (10.71)
12/320 (3.75)
33/254 (12.99)
Marital status
Single
35/181 (19.34)
44/411 (10.71)
17/369 (4.61)
37/345 (10.72)
Married
186/886 (20.99)
180/1920 (9.38)
67/1469 (4.56)
103/1106 (9.31)
Divorced
88/381 (23.10)
76/740 (10.27)
28/665 (4.21)
43/475 (9.05)
Widowed
93/433 (21.48)
88/797 (11.04)
21/501 (4.19)
26/334 (7.78)
Occupation
Government employee
88/405 (21.73)
88/805 (10.93)
18/526 (3.42)
35/351 (9.97)
Merchant
65/289 (22.49)
63/632 (9.97)
25/489 (5.11)
37/357 (10.36)
Driver
23/77 (29.87)
12/108 (11.11)
7/91 (7.69)
7/59 (11.86)
Housewife
67/295 (22.71)
66/648 (10.19)
18/479 (3.76)
38/418 (9.09)
Student
9/57 (15.79)
14/122 (11.48)
1/116 (0.86)
12/91 (13.19)
Unemployed
39/223 (17.49)
50/489 (10.22)
21/424 (4.95)
23/299 (7.69)
Other
111/535 (20.75)
95/1064 (8.93)
43/879 (4.89)
57/685 (8.32)
Type of HAART
ABC, 3TC, EFV
1/6 (16.67)
1/11 (9.09)
0/6 (0.00)
0/4 (0.00)
AZT, 3TC, EFV
41/192 (21.35)
51/417 (12.23)
10/225 (4.44)
14/80 (17.50)
ABC, 3TC, NVP
97/438 (22.15)
109/1035 (10.53)
17/448 (3.79)
9/102 (8.82)
AZT, 3TC, NVP
1/2 (50.00)
0/4 (0.00)
3/79 (3.80)
118/1278 (9.23)
TDF, 3TC, EFV
133/608 (21.88)
110/1040 (10.58)
55/1184 (4.65)
141/1464 (9.63)
Functional status-baseline
Ambulatory
372/1690 (15.71)
368/3649 (10.08)
127/2937 (4.32)
11/73 (15.07)
Bedridden
30/191 (22.01)
20/219 (9.13)
6/67 (8.96)
209/2260 (9.25)
WHO clinical stage
Clinical stage I
14/73 (19.18)
32/423 (7.57)
23/653 (3.52)
42/559 (7.51)
Clinical stage II
68/330 (20.61)
65/813 (8.00)
36/774 (4.65)
89/747 (11.91)
Clinical stage III
238/1149 (20.71)
246/2161 (11.38)
60/1341 (4.47)
17/147 (11.56)
Clinical stage IV
82/329 (24.92)
45/471 (9.55)
14/236 (5.93)
209/2260 (9.25)
Adherence
Good
370/1842 (20.09)
366/3829 (9.56)
128/2983 (4.29)
0/14 (0.00)
Fair
12/17 (70.59)
6/20 (30.00)
0/11 (0.00)
4/17 (719.25)
Poor
20/22 (90.91)
16/19 (84.21)
5/10 (50.00)
209/2260 (64.01)
CD4 count (cells/mm3)
≤200
334/1298 (25.73)
317/2526 (12.55)
95/1680 (5.65)
175/1600 (18.65)
>201
49/514 (9.53)
57/1237 (4.61)
27/1265 (5.65)
125/821 (15.23)
Hemoglobin (mg/dl)
≤12.5
182/892 (20.40)
162/1333 (12.15)
33/744 (4.45)
392/1961 (19.98)
>12.5
217/984 (22.05)
226/2525 (8.95)
100/2252 (4.45)
31/299 (10.37)
Viral suppression
Yes
334/1298 (25.73)
317/2526 (12.55)
95/1680 (5.65)
175/1600 (18.65)
No
49/514 (9.53)
57/1237 (4.61)
27/1265 (5.65)
125/821 (15.23)
HIV-DR
Yes
544/699 (77.8)
No
155/699 (22.2)
Total
402/1881 (21.37)
388/3868 (10.03)
133/3004 (4.43)
209/2260 (9.25)
Lost to follow-up (LTFU)
500/2283 (25.26)
708/4479 (16.90)
204/3196 (6.63)
504/2685 (19.72)
HIV drug resistance testing was done regardless of the duration on treatment for patients with two consecutive copies/ml. The details of this HIVDR and viral load suppression report are published [53, 54].
