Comparison of Transnasal Humidified Rapid-Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange and Facemasks in Preoxygenation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Study characteristics and outcomes of interest assessed in included studies.

Study	Research type	Groups	Cases	Age (years), mean (SD)	Sex (male/female)	BMI (kg/m^2), median (IQR [range])	The median of PaO2 after preoxygenation (mmHg/kPa), median (IQR [range])	Time taken for intubation (s), median (IQR [range])	SpO2 after successful intubation, median (IQR [range])	Apnea time (s), median (IQR [range])	PCO2 after complete paralysis or intubation preoxygenation (mmHg/kPa)
Ng et al. [14]	Prospective randomized controlled trial	THRIVE	24	52.6 (17.4)	13/11	26.6 (4.3)	471 (IQR 429–516 [range 185–550])	52 (40–76 [29–315])	99.7% (98.4%–100% [91.6%–100%])	NA	NA
		Facemask	24	57.3 (15.6)	13/11	27.4 (3.5)	357 (interquartile range (IQR) 324–450 [range 183–550])	58 (45–113 [30–220])	100% (99.4%–100% [94.5%–100%])	NA	NA
Hua et al. [11]	Randomized controlled trial	THRIVE	30		16/14		378.37 (110.70)	25 (20~40)	NA	600 (600–600)	NA
		Facemask	28		17/11		292.50 (84.14)	25 (20~40)	NA	600 (231.5–600)	NA
Lodenius et al. [13]	Prospective randomized nonblinded clinical trial	THRIVE	40	55.6 (17.3)	20/20	24.5 (4.6)	NA	48 (38–63 [10–146])	99% (99–100 [96–100]%)	116 (92–146 [63–249])	NA
		Facemask	39	51.8 (19.6)	16/23	26.0 (5.1)	NA	51 (34–66 [22–261])	99% (97–100 [70–100]%)	109 (86–142 [37–291])	NA
Mir et al. [3]	Randomized controlled trial	THRIVE	20	46.4 (16.8)	11/9	26 (24.5–31.5 [22–46])	43.7 (15.2)	NA	NA	248 (71)	5.8 (1.1)
		Facemask	20	51.8 (21)	9/11	25 (23–29.25 [21–48])	41.9 (16.2)	NA	NA	123 (55)	5.6 (1.0)kPa
Joseph et al. [12]	Randomized controlled trial	THRIVE	5		3/2	NA		NA	NA	NA
		Facemask	5		2/3	NA		NA	NA	NA

Patient characteristics. Data are presented as mean (SD), number (proportion), or median (interquartile range). BMI: body mass index; SD: standard deviation; IQR: interquartile range; THRIVE: Transnasal Humidified Rapid-Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange.