Cardiovascular and peripheral vascular diseases (CVD and PVD) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in western countries. Assessing the risk for these diseases is an important aspect in clinical decision making and setting a therapeutic strategy. Biomarkers may be useful to better identify high-risk individuals, to diagnose disease conditions promptly and accurately, and to effectively prognosticate and treat patients with disease, targeting also specific biological sites.

Advances in functional genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and bioinformatics have allowed discovering several biomarkers that may be informative with regard to the various stages of CVD and PVD and its sequelae.

This special issue is intended to present and discuss breakthrough biological and technological developments in biomarkers identification which are expected to revolutionize clinical research environments and healthcare in the area of CVD and PVD.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

• Biomarkers in hypertension
• Biomarkers in coronary artery disease
• Biomarkers in heart failure
• Biomarkers in arterial aneurysms
• Biomarkers in aortic disease and aortic dissection
• Biomarkers in cerebrovascular disease
• Imaging biomarkers in cardiovascular disease
• Biomarkers in preventive cardiology
• Biomarkers in acute and chronic venous disease
• Biomarkers in chronic leg ulcers
• Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and endothelial dysfunction
• Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMPs), CVD, and PVD
• A disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs), CVD, and PVD
• Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), CVD, and PVD
• Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), CVD, and PVD
• MicroRNAs in the pathophysiology of CVD and PVD
• Genetic markers in complex multigenic cardiovascular disease
• Cytokines CVD and PVD