Regenerative medicine has many different applications in healthcare. Aging is a natural and spontaneous process that initiates organ degeneration and functional deterioration of cells, resulting in several diseases. Regenerative medicine is a field of innovative technologies that employ theoretical biology and engineering approaches to recreate lost or functionally injured tissues and organs along with the restoration of human physiological functions to a level similar to their original state.

Among many stem cell types, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most commonly used stem cells for regenerative medicine in the therapy of several diseases. The results of preclinical and clinical studies on MSCs have deepened our understanding of their application in regenerative medicine. MSCs are immune-privileged multipotent cells that have the potency to proliferate and differentiate into multiple lineages with minimal carcinogenic risk. However, while the findings of many clinical studies support the potential of using MSCs in regenerative medicine, there are still multiple challenges that need to be addressed to achieve successful clinical outcomes.

This Special Issue aims to promote outstanding research in all aspects of regenerative medicine, with respect to the growing need for MSCs, focusing on the latest progress, development, and new trends in MSCs and regenerative medicine.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Improvement of existing extension culture techniques for MSCs, especially clinically relevant techniques
• Differentiation and homing behavior of MSCs
• Biomaterials for the proliferation and differentiation of MSCs
• Mechanobiology of MCSs
• Gene and proteomics studies of MSCs, including physiology and pathology
• Clinical use of MSCs
• Mass production and specification of MSCs
• Immune rejection and countermeasures of clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells
• Cryopreservation of MSCs
• Drug development strategies of MSCs
• Pharmacological mechanisms of drugs affecting bone formation and bone resorption
• Etiology, pathophysiology, measurement, and treatment of osteoarthritis
• MSCs in tissue engineering