Acute leukemias (AL) are the most common cancers during the first 15 years of age. At the last 20 years, the survival has been increased in developed countries, and however mortality is higher in developing countries and inclusive in many, in developing countries, the survival for AL is unknown due to the lack of good data. Improvement in survival probably should be first priority. We still do not understand etiology–hypothesize about infections and other causes; the possibility of the prevention of AL in this moment is only a good dream. It is possible that the way we are following is incorrect and that we need to change the methods, design, and hypothesis to identify the causes of the AL.

We invite investigators to contribute original research articles as well as review articles that will stimulate the continuing efforts to understand the etiology of AL and the development of strategies to prevent the AL in children, such as protocols of treatment of AL in children in the developing countries.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

• Dimension of the problem in developing countries (incidence and survival)
• Data on the incidence, trend, and survival in the whole World
• New methods and the identification of new risk factors (both genetic and environmental) in the causality of AL in the whole world
• The implementation of biomarkers for assessing the prognostic of the children with AL
• New hypothesis and meta-analysis on the etiology of AL in children