A Disproportionate Burden of Care: Gender Differences in Mental Health, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Social Support in Mexican Multiple Sclerosis Caregivers
Table 2
Mental health, social support, and health related quality of life scores for women and men.
Variables
Women
Men
-statistic
p value
Cohen’s d
Satisfaction with life
22.70 (6.27)
24.89 (6.39)
2.158
.146
.35
Depression
7.35 (5.48)
3.07 (3.85)
13.752
.000
.90
Burden
25.09 (16.61)
16.56 (7.78)
6.388
.014
.66
Social support: appraisal
10.83 (2.58)
13.30 (3.04)
14.593
.000
.88
Social support: belonging
11.50 (2.85)
13.40 (2.36)
9.013
.004
.73
Social support: tangible
10.81 (2.68)
13.15 (2.63)
13.836
.000
.88
Self-esteem
29.56 (5.52)
33.70 (4.61)
11.292
.001
.81
Anxiety: state
24.96 (12.17)
18.07 (9.77)
6.537
.012
.62
Anxiety: trait
27.63 (10.73)
18.31 (7.96)
15.469
.000
.99
Physical functioning
77.50 (24.57)
99.33 (10.65)
10.20
.002
.84
Role-physical
74.53 (35.85)
81.48 (25.56)
.81
.372
.22
Role-emotional
64.20 (41.39)
81.48 (32.47)
3.59
.062
.46
Vitality
51.48 (17.50)
71.11 (17.28)
22.83
.000
1.29
Emotional well-being
56.44 (19.34)
73.63 (17.72)
15.00
.000
.93
Social functioning
70.37 (21.21)
86.11 (14.84)
11.91
.001
.86
Pain
69.40 (21.98)
89.91 (15.14)
18.95
.000
1.09
General health
52.87 (19.54)
72.59 (15.65)
20.80
.000
1.11
Note. Cohen’s d effect size: .20 = small, .50 = medium, and .80 = large. values are two-tailed. Standard deviations are in parentheses.
