Cognitive and Functional Impairment in Stroke Survivors with Basilar Artery Occlusive Disease

Table 3

Comparison of cognitive outcomes (-scores) between BAOD patients and healthy controls.

Cognitive tests	Patients	Controls		Effect size
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)
Digit Span	−0.10 (0.82)	0.06 (0.68)	0.417	0.013
HVLT-R immediate recall	−0.47 (0.88)	0.19 (0.61)	0.002	0.178
HVLT-R delayed recall	−0.91 (1.12)	−0.09 (0.76)	0.003	0.159
HVLT-R recognition	−0.58 (1.38)	−0.03 (0.72)	0.055	0.070
BVMT-R immediate recall	−0.29 (1.25)	0.39 (0.71)	0.018	0.106
BVMT-R delayed recall	−0.47 (1.18)	0.25 (0.78)	0.012	0.117
BVMT-R recognition	−0.33 (1.28)	0.43 (0.47)	0.005	0.146
BNT	0.61 (1.21)	1.07 (0.79)	0.061	0.067
Phonemic Verbal Fluency	−0.46 (1.07)	−0.12 (0.91)	0.227	0.030
Category Fluency	−0.53 (0.97)	−0.02 (0.73)	0.036	0.083
MWCST	−1.01 (1.17)	−0.18 (0.84)	0.002	0.181
Fragmented Letters	−0.90 (2.08)	−0.25 (0.92)	0.137	0.046
Position Discrimination	−1.93 (2.42)	−0.13 (0.94)	0.001	0.198
SDMT	−2.24 (1.24)	−1.21 (1.11)	0.001	0.204
TMT Part A	−1.27 (2.79)	0.25 (1.38)	0.015	0.120
TMT Part B	−1.76 (2.36)	−0.08 (1.00)	0.002	0.202
Stroop C	−0.66 (1.76)	0.68 (0.72)	0.001	0.212

Note. indicates and indicate . Controls were matched with patients for age and education level.