Screening Mild and Major Neurocognitive Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease
Table 1
Demographic, Parkinson’s disease- (PD-) related and neurocognitive data of the study population.
Normal cognition ()
Mild neurocognitive disorder due to PD ()
Major neurocognitive disorder due to PD ()
value
Median
Percentile 25
Percentile 75
Mean
SD
Median
Percentile 25
Percentile 75
Mean
SD
Median
Percentile 25
Percentile 75
Mean
SD
Age (years)
65
59
70
63.73
10.13
71
65
76
70.35
7.33
74
70
79
74.28
7.03
0.000
Age at onset (years)
57
49
65
56.00
11.69
64
54
68
61.97
10.27
67
56
75
65.25
12.47
0.000
Education (years)
12
11
16
13.04
3.08
12
11
15
12.28
3.00
12
11
15
12.00
2.97
0.124
Sex (male/female)
201 M/56 F
47 M/13 F
42 M/11 F
0.986
Disease duration (years)
6
2
11
7.58
6.74
7
3
12
8.38
6.68
7
3
15
9.08
7.56
0.328
LED (mg)
400
14
885
559.30
544.13
330
14
765
506.80
614.24
334
14
780
490.94
558.59
0.642
MDS-UPDRS Part 1
12
9
17
12.63
5.96
13
10
18
14.13
6.88
13
11
20
13.44
6.64
0.077
MDS-UPDRS Part 2
13
7
19
13.93
8.65
13
9
19
13.35
7.83
16
9
22
15.92
7.83
0.137
MDS-UPDRS Part 3
37
28
46
38.22
14.73
40
34
51
42.07
14.56
50
41
58
48.72
13.55
0.000
MDS-UPDRS Part 4
4
2
6
4.77
3.50
4
2
6
4.12
3.06
4
2
6
4.57
3.21
0.423
Hoehn & Yahr Stage (1/2/3/4/5)
5/157/67/24/4
0/30/20/9/1
0/15/24/11/3
0.001
MADRS
8
5
13
9.48
5.79
10
5
15
10.08
5.97
10
6
15
10.68
5.48
0.092
LARS
−25
−30
−21
−24.01
7.61
−22
−28
−17
−21.91
7.02
−19
−26
−11
−17.79
10.97
0.000
ACE orientation
10
10
10
9.93
0.48
10
10
10
9.81
0.50
10
9
10
9.16
1.30
0.000
ACE attention
8
8
8
7.92
0.40
8
7
8
7.68
0.59
7
6
8
6.78
1.47
0.000
ACE memory
29
26
32
28.41
4.97
23
19
26
22.26
5.73
19
14
24
18.86
6.44
0.000
ACE verbal fluency
10
9
12
10.01
2.48
8
6
9
7.53
2.22
6
4
7
6.05
2.41
0.000
ACE language
28
27
28
27.53
0.97
27
27
28
27.06
0.94
26
26
28
25.89
2.60
0.000
ACE visuospatial
5
4
5
4.23
1.00
4
3
4
3.38
1.21
2
2
3
2.59
1.19
0.000
ACE total score
89
85
93
88.02
7.58
79
73
82
77.72
6.79
70
63
76
69.35
8.88
0.000
MMSE orientation
10
10
10
9.89
0.75
10
10
10
9.85
0.45
10
8
10
9.08
1.25
0.000
MMSE attention
8
8
8
7.90
0.46
8
8
8
7.66
0.82
7
5
8
6.51
1.67
0.000
MMSE memory
2
1
3
2.07
0.91
2
1
2
1.49
0.84
1
0
2
1.02
0.95
0.000
MMSE language
8
8
8
7.71
0.64
8
7
8
7.53
0.82
7
7
8
7.04
1.14
0.000
MMSE visuospatial
1
1
1
0.93
0.25
1
1
1
0.81
0.39
0
0
1
0.49
0.50
0.000
MMSE total score
29
28
30
28.51
1.98
28
26
29
27.34
1.71
25
22
27
24.13
3.09
0.000
MoCA Executive/visuospatial
4
4
5
4.13
0.86
3
3
4
3.14
1.09
2
2
3
2.49
1.10
0.000
MoCA naming
3
3
3
2.99
0.12
3
3
3
2.90
0.36
3
3
3
2.79
0.41
0.000
MoCA attention
6
5
6
5.45
0.84
5
4
6
4.75
1.04
3
3
4
3.49
1.42
0.000
MoCA language
2
2
3
2.35
0.72
2
1
2
1.63
0.91
1
1
2
1.34
0.81
0.000
MoCA abstraction
2
2
2
1.90
0.31
2
2
2
1.66
0.66
2
1
2
1.57
0.67
0.000
MoCA delayed recall
3
1
4
2.44
1.48
1
0
2
1.14
1.20
0
0
1
0.49
0.93
0.000
MoCA orientation
6
6
6
5.97
0.17
6
6
6
5.92
0.28
5
5
6
5.17
1.01
0.000
MoCA total score
26
24
27
25.70
2.28
22
20
23
21.71
2.18
18
17
20
18.08
3.02
0.000
Mattis attention
36
36
37
36.09
1.02
35
35
36
35.36
1.01
35
34
36
34.25
2.25
0.000
Mattis initiation/perseveration
37
34
37
35.23
2.72
34
31
37
33.36
3.23
29
26
31
28.39
4.16
0.000
Mattis construction
6
6
6
5.98
0.23
6
6
6
5.94
0.32
6
6
6
5.58
1.42
0.030
Mattis conceptualization
39
39
39
38.74
1.42
39
38
39
38.45
1.08
38
37
39
37.97
1.18
0.000
Mattis memory
24
23
25
23.52
1.84
22
20
24
21.38
3.96
19
17
21
18.56
3.80
0.000
Mattis total score
141
138
143
139.56
4.72
136
131
138
134.94
4.62
125
123
128
124.75
7.03
0.000
Mild and major neurocognitive disorder because Parkinson’s disease was defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th edition criteria. values are calculated by Kruskal-Wallis test with the exception of Hoehn & Yahr Scale and sex where Chi-square tests were utilized. ACE: Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination; F: females; LARS: Lille’s Apathy Scale; M: males; MADRS: Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale; MDRS: Mattis Dementia Rating Scale; MDS-UPDRS: Movement Disorders Society’s Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; MMSE: Mini Mental State Examination; MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment.
