Research Article
Dream Recall Frequencies and Dream Content in Wilson’s Disease with and without REM Sleep Behaviour Disorder: A Neurooneirologic Study
Table 3
Self-rated dream emotions and dream content analysis by external judge; Wilson’s disease versus healthy controls (mean ± SD and percentages).
| | Wilson’s disease | Healthy controls | All WD versus HC
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| Female/male | 12/14 | 15/20 | ns | Dream reports per participant [] | 4.31 ± 2.06 | 4.17 ± 2.26 | ns | Word count per dream report [] | 74.52 ± 69.27 | 98.30 ± 61.41 | 0.006 | Bizarreness [0–3] | 0.65 ± 0.98 | 0.91 ± 1.10 | ns1 | Positive emotions (self-rating) [0–3] | 1.31 ± 1.26 | 1.48 ± 1.09 | ns1 | Negative emotions (self-rating) [0–3] | 1.21 ± 1.27 | 1.31 ± 1.06 | ns1 | Positive emotions (external judge) [0–3] | 0.49 ± 0.89 | 0.51 ± 0.90 | —2 | Negative emotions (external judge) [0–3] | 0.73 ± 1.07 | 0.70 ± 1.03 | ns1 | Number of characters [] | 1.55 ± 1.44 | 2.03 ± 1.60 | ns1 | Number of male persons [] | 0.59 ± 0.89 | 0.81 ± 1.01 | ns1 | Number of female persons [] | 0.71 ± 0.82 | 0.64 ± 0.86 | ns1 | Verbal interaction [y/n] | 49.11% | 52.74% | ns1 | Physical interaction [y/n] | 14.29% | 21.92% | ns1 | Health-related topics [y/n | 5.36% | 2.74% | ns1 | Professional environment [y/n] | 7.14% | 10.96% | ns1 | Leisure [y/n] | 48.21% | 54.79% | ns1 | Problems [0–2] | 0.41 ± 0.64 | 0.53 ± 0.68 | ns1 | Movements of legs [y/n] | 25.00% | 35.62% | ns1 | Movements of arms [y/n] | 18.75% | 26.71% | ns1 | Reference to legs or arms [y/n] | 5.36% | 2.74% | ns1 | Physical activity [y/n] | 15.18% | 14.38% | ns1 | Restriction of movements [y/n] | 1.79% | 3.42% | ns1 | Verbal and physical aggression towards dream ego [y/n] | 9.82% | 8.22% | ns1 | Aggression, total [y/n] | 15.18% | 10.96% | ns1 |
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Notes. 1Group effect, word count was included as covariate. 2Algorithm did not converge. HC: healthy controls; WD: Wilson’s disease.
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