Pain in Neurodegenerative Disease: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives

Table 2

Summary of studies on the prevalence and features of pain among patients with Parkinson’s disease.  

	Study design	Number of patients and controls	Assessment methods	Frequency of pain	Feature and location of pain
Nègre-Pagès et al. [14]	Observational	450	Visual analogue scale	278 patients (61.8%)	PD related (167 patients); Other types (111 patients)
Defazio et al. [15]	Case control	402	Visual analogue scale	281 patients (69.9%) and 199 controls (62.8%)	Nondystonic (267 patients); Dystonic and nondystonic (14 patients)
Beiske et al. [1]	Observational	176	Structured interview (SF-36)	147 patients (83%)	Musculoskeletal (103 patients); Dystonic (59 patients); Radicular (0 patients); Central (15 patients)
Valkovic et al. [16]	Observational	100	Brief Pain Inventory; Leeds assessment of neuropathic symptoms and signs	76 patients (76%)	Musculoskeletal (41%); Radicular (27%); Central (22%); Dystonic (17%); Others (31%)
Tinazzi et al. [17]	Observational	117	Visual analogue scale	47 patients (40%)	Dystonic (19 patients); Musculoskeletal (22 patients); Radicular (4 patients); Central (2 patients)