Research Article

Optimizing Neuropsychological Assessments for Cognitive, Behavioral, and Functional Impairment Classification: A Machine Learning Study

Table 1

List of neuropsychological measures used as features.

MeasureDescription

1. MMDATEWhat is today's date?, MMSE
2. MMYEARWhat year is it?, MMSE
3. MMMONTHWhat month is it?, MMSE
4. MMDAYWhat day of the week is it today?, MMSE
5. MMSEASONWhat season are we in?, MMSE
6. MMHOSPITWhat is the name of this hospital (clinic, place)?, MMSE
7. MMFLOORWhat floor are we on?, MMSE
8. MMCITYWhat town or city are we in?, MMSE
9. MMAREAWhat county (district, borough, area) are we in?, MMSE
10. MMSTATEWhat state are we in?, MMSE
11. MMBALLBall, MMSE
12. MMFLAGFlag, MMSE
13. MMTREETree, MMSE
14. MMTRIALSEnter number of trials, MMSE
15. MMDD, MMSE
16. MMLL, MMSE
17. MMRR, MMSE
18. MMOO, MMSE
19. MMWW, MMSE
20. MMBALLDLBall, MMSE
21. MMFLAGDLFlag, MMSE
22. MMTREEDLTree, MMSE
23. MMWATCHShow the participant a wrist watch and ask “what is this?”, MMSE
24. MMPENCILRepeat for pencil, MMSE
25. MMREPEATSay “repeat after me: no ifs, ands, or buts.”, MMSE
26. MMHANDTakes paper in right hand, MMSE
27. MMFOLDFolds paper in half, MMSE
28. MMONFLRPuts paper on floor, MMSE
29. MMREADPresent the piece of paper which reads “CLOSE YOUR EYES,” and say “read this and do what it says”, MMSE
30. MMWRITEGive the participant a blank piece of paper and say “write a sentence.”, MMSE
31. MMDRAWPresent the participant with the Construction Stimulus page. Say “copy this design.”, MMSE
32. MMSCOREMMSE total score, MMSE
33. CLOCKCIRCApproximately circular face, CLOCK
34. CLOCKSYMSymmetry of number placement, CLOCK
35. CLOCKNUMCorrectness of numbers, CLOCK
36. CLOCKHANDPresence of the two hands, CLOCK
37. CLOCKTIMEPresence of the two hands, set to ten after eleven, CLOCK
38. CLOCKSCORTotal score, CLOCK
39. COPYCIRCApproximately circular face, CLOCK
40. COPYSYMSymmetry of number placement, CLOCK
41. COPYNUMCorrectness of numbers, CLOCK
42. COPYHANDPresence of the two hands, CLOCK
43. COPYTIMEPresence of the two hands, set to ten after eleven, CLOCK
44. COPYSCORTotal score, CLOCK
45. LDELCUE Use of cue (0/1), LM
46. LDELTOTAL Total number of story units recalled, Partial Score of LM test
47. LIMMTOTAL Total number of story units recalled, LM Immediate Recall
48–53. AVTOT1-6Total of each trial 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, AVLT
54–59. AVERR1-6Total intrusions of each trial 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, AVLT
60. AVTOTBInterference, AVLT
61. AVERRB Total intrusions of List B, AVLT
62. AVDEL30MIN30 minute delay, AVLT
63. AVDELERR1Total intrusions, AVLT
64. AVDELTOTRecognition, AVLT
65. AVDELERR2Recognition errors, AVLT
66. DSPANFORForward: Total Correct
67. DSPANFLTHForward: Length
68. DSPANBACDigit Span Backwards, Total Correct
69. DSPANBLTHBackward: Length
70. DIGITSCORDigit Symbol
71. CATANIMSCCategory Fluency—Animals
72. CATANPERS Category Fluency Animals—Perseverations
73. CATANINTRCategory Fluency (Animals)—Intrusions
74. CATVEGESC Category Fluency Vegetables—Total Correct
75. CATVGPERSCategory Fluency (Vegetables) —Perseverations
76. CATVGINTRCategory Fluency (Vegetables)—Intrusions
77. TRAAERRCOMErrors of commission, TMT
78. TRAAERROMErrors of omission, TMT
79. TRAASCOR Part A—time to complete, TMT
80. TRABERRCOM Error of commission, TMT
81. TRABERROM Error of omission, TMT
82. TRABSCOR Part B—time to complete, TMT
83. BNTSPONTNumber of spontaneously given correct responses, Partial Score of BNT
84. BNTSTIMNumber of semantic cues given, Partial Score of BNT
85. BNTCSTIMNumber of correct responses following a semantic cue, Partial Score of BNT
86. BNTPHONNumber of phonemic cues given, Partial Score of BNT
87. BNTCPHONNumber of correct responses following a phonemic cue, Partial Score of BNT
88. BNTTOTALTotal Number Correct (1 + 3)
89. ANARTERRANART Total Score (total number of errors)
90. Q1Word Recall Task, ADAS-Cog
91. Q2Following commands, ADAS-Cog
92. Q3Constructional praxis, ADAS-Cog
93. Q4Delayed Word Recall, ADAS-Cog
94. Q5Naming objects and fingers, ADAS-Cog
95. Q6Ideational practice, ADAS-Cog
96. Q7Orientation, ADAS-Cog
97. Q8Word recognition, ADAS-Cog
98. Q9Remembering test instructions, ADAS-Cog
99. Q10Comprehension of spoken and written language, ADAS-Cog
100. Q11 Word finding difficulty, ADAS-Cog
101. Q12Language, ADAS-Cog
102. Q14Number cancellation, ADAS-Cog
103. TOTAL11 Classic 70 points total, excluding Q4 and Q14, ADAS-Cog
104. TOTALMOD 85 points total, including Q4 and Q14, ADAS-Cog
105. GDSATISAre you basically satisfied with your life?, Partial Score of GDS
106. GDDROPHave you dropped many of your activities and interests?, Partial Score of GDS
107. GDEMPTYDo you feel that your life is empty?, Partial Score of GDS
108. GDBOREDDo you often get bored?, Partial Score of GDS
109. GDSPIRITAre you in good spirits most of the time?, Partial Score of GDS
110. GDAFRAIDAre you afraid that something bad is going to happen to you?, Partial Score of GDS
111. GDHAPPYDo you feel happy most of the time?, Partial Score of GDS
112. GDHELPDo you often feel helpless?, Partial Score of GDS
113. GDHOMEDo you prefer to stay at home, rather than going out and doing new things?, Partial Score of GDS
114. GDMEMORYDo you feel you have more problems with memory than most?, Partial Score of GDS
115. GDALIVEDo you think its wonderful to be alive now?, Partial Score of GDS
116. GDWORTHDo you feel pretty worthless the way you are now?, Partial Score of GDS
117. GDENERGYDo you feel full of energy?, Partial Score of GDS
118. GDHOPEDo you feel that your situation is hopeless?, Partial Score of GDS
119. GDBETTERDo you think that most people are better off than you are?, Partial Score of GDS
120. GDTOTALTotal Score
121. FAQFINANWriting checks, paying bills, or balancing checkbook, Partial Score, FAQ
122. FAQFORMAssembling tax records, business affairs, or other papers, Partial Score, FAQ
123. FAQSHOPShopping alone for clothes, household necessities, or groceries, Partial Score, FAQ
124. FAQGAMEPlaying a game of skill such as bridge or chess, working on a hobby, Partial Score, FAQ
125. FAQBEVGHeating water, making a cup of coffee, turning off the stove, Partial Score, FAQ
126. FAQMEALPreparing a balanced meal, Partial Score, FAQ
127. FAQEVENTKeeping track of current events, Partial Score, FAQ
128. FAQTVPaying attention to and understanding a TV program, book, or magazine, Partial Score, FAQ
129. FAQREMRemembering appointments, family occasions, holidays, medications, Partial Score, FAQ
130. FAQTRAVLTraveling out of the neighborhood, driving, or arranging to take public transportation, Partial Score, FAQ
131. FAQ totalTotal Score, FAQ