Practice Variability Combined with Task-Oriented Electromyographic Biofeedback Enhances Strength and Balance in People with Chronic Stroke
Table 2
Motor performance data at baseline and after training.
Variables
Groups
Baseline
1 day posttraining
2 weeks posttraining
6 weeks posttraining
TA muscle strength (NT)
Control
118.31 ± 61.42
128.31 ± 61.19
111.69 ± 55.75
117.55 ± 40.48
Constant
102.01 ± 49.66
128.87 ± 62.51
135.63 ± 56.39
137.96 ± 67.05
Variable
136.53 ± 49.93
159.97 ± 55.98
167.05 ± 54.55
189.28 ± 55.82
Anterior EPE (%)
Control
35.22 ± 15.60
37.44 ± 9.70
44.22 ± 27.69
43.00 ± 13.86
Constant
35.62 ± 16.35
48.69 ± 17.30
44.38 ± 17.35
49.38 ± 19.88
Variable
38.18 ± 11.62
50.73 ± 11.47
56.45 ± 20.67
44.09 ± 12.59
Posterior EPE (%)
Control
36.44 ± 9.06
44.56 ± 17.85
38.56 ± 10.76
32.00 ± 20.32
Constant
37.15 ± 15.65
26.15 ± 21.39
40.23 ± 15.16
28.62 ± 14.60
Variable
32.73 ± 15.49
43.55 ± 13.64
39.27 ± 11.24
44.91 ± 9.08
Walking speed (m/sec)
Control
0.57 ± 0.29
0.65 ± 0.32
0.69 ± 0.31
0.67 ± 0.30
Constant
0.57 ± 0.25
0.61 ± 0.26
0.64 ± 0.28
0.69 ± 0.29
Variable
0.71 ± 0.29
0.76 ± 0.30
0.75 ± 0.27
0.74 ± 0.26
TUGT (sec)
Control
26.50 ± 14.90
24.74 ± 15.38
24.23 ± 14.99
22.77 ± 15.12
Constant
24.08 ± 8.95
21.84 ± 9.11
20.81 ± 7.73
20.26 ± 10.55
Variable
20.68 ± 11.19
19.39 ± 9.58
18.09 ± 7.90
17.19 ± 6.56
6MWT (m)
Control
190.11 ± 106.58
214.06 ± 109.94
223.44 ± 104.86
222.67 ± 104.17
Constant
198.08 ± 96.62
222.77 ± 89.39
232.31 ± 99.11
242.62 ± 109.87
Variable
227.55 ± 94.60
235.27 ± 89.40
238.64 ± 85.65
250.82 ± 93.81
Values are the mean ± standard deviation. Abbreviations: TA: tibialis anterior; NT: Newton; AROM: active range of motion; m/sec: meter/second; TUGT: Timed Up and Go test; sec: second; 6MWT: six-minute walking test; m: meter; EPE: endpoint excursion. Intragroup: , when compared with baseline.
