Function of Membrane Rafts in Viral Lifecycles and Host Cellular Response

Figure 1

Entry, assembly, and budding processes of enveloped viruses. Some enveloped viruses, such as Orthomyxoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, and Togaviridae family viruses, are incorporated into cells through an endocytic pathway. Other enveloped viruses, such as Paramyxoviridae family viruses, are incorporated into cells through direct fusion between the viral membrane and cell surface membrane. Herpesviridae family viruses utilize both pathways. Viral genomes of enveloped RNA viruses, such as Orthomyxoviridae family viruses, and enveloped DNA viruses, such as Herpesviridae family viruses, are replicated and transcribed in the nucleus. On the other hand, viral genomes of enveloped RNA viruses, such as Paramyxoviridae family viruses, are replicated and transcribed in the cytoplasm. After assembly of viral proteins and genomes, progeny viruses are budded and then released from the cell surface membrane.