Mitochondrial Roles and Cytoprotection in Chronic Liver Injury

Figure 4

Mitochondria biogenesis allows tissue adaption under stress. Mitochondria biogenesis has been recently recognized as a central pathway in the adaptation of stress conditions in the liver, such as fasting, energy deprivation, hypoxia, or alcohol consumption. Different signaling pathways converge on the master regulator of mitochondria biogenesis, PGC1-alpha. In particular, AMPK and PKA signaling may activate gene transcription controlled by PGC1-alpha, while the TGF-β has been shown to inhibit PGC1-alpha-induced gene transcription.