In Vitro Evaluation of Essential Oils Derived from Piper nigrum (Piperaceae) and Citrus limonum (Rutaceae) against the Tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)

Table 1

Percentage composition of Citrus limonum and Piper nigrum oils.

Constituents	RI	Citrus limonum (%)	Piper nigrum (%)
Monoterpenes hydrocarbons
α-Thujene	927	0.6	1.0
α-Pinene	935	2.6	5.5
Camphene	950	0.1	—
Sabinene	975	2.8	0.9
β-Pinene	978	14.4	4.1
Myrcene	992	2.0	0.3
Phellandrene	1007	—	4.1
δ-3-Carene	1013	—	0.9
α-Terpinene	1018	0.2	0.7
σ -Ocymene	1026	2.9	5.8
Limonene	1030	50.3	2.1
β-E-Ocymene	1037	0.1	—
β-Z-Ocymene	1048	0.1	—
γ - Terpinene	1060	11.8	0.5
Terpinolene	1086	0.1	—
p-Mentha-2,4(8)-Diene	1091	—	0.3
Oxygenated monoterpenes
1,8-Cineol	1034	0.1	—
Linalool	1101	0.2	—
Limonene oxide –cis	1135	0.1	—
Limonene oxide –trans	1139	0.1	—
Carvenon	1147	0.1	—
Terpinen-4-ol	1178	0.1	—
α-Terpineol	1191	0.4	0.1
Nerol	1224	0.1	—
Neral	1242	1.1	—
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons
δ-Elemene	1340	—	0.9
α-Cubebene	1353	—	0.5
α-Copaene	1379	—	4.2
β-Cubebene	1383	—	0.2
β-Elemene	1395	—	1.1
Cyperene	1404	—	0.2
Bergamotene	1418	0.04	—
β-Caryophyllene	1426	—	26.2
β-Copaene	1429	—	0.2
Trans-Bergamotene	1439	—	3.9
α-Germanene	1443	—	0.5
(z)-β-Farnese	1446	—	0.2
α -Humulene	1458	—	2.9
9- EPI - (E)-Caryophyllene	1466	—	0.3
γ-Muurolene	1481	—	0.9
Trans-Muurola-4(14),5-Diene	1485	—	1.5
β–Selinene	1491	—	1.1
α –Selinene	1499	—	1.1
Bisabolene	1506	0.1	—
β-Bisabolene	1512	1.8	4.1
γ-Cadinene	1519	—	0.6
δ-Cadinene	1528	—	2.1
Germacrene B	1562	—	0.5
Oxygenated sesquiterpenes
Bergamotol α-trans	1439	1.1	—
Caryophyllene oxide	1589	—	4.2
Junenol	1624	—	0.6
Epi-α-Muurolol	1648	—	0.4
α-Muurolol	1652	—	0.3
α–Cadinol	1660	—	0.4
Others
Neril format	1272	1.9	—
Neril acetate	1367	0.9	—
Geranyl acetate	1386	0.3	—
Guaiol acetate	1729	—	0.7
Benzil benzoato	1771	—	3.0
Manool	2063	—	0.2
Total identified		96.3	89.0

RI: retention index on DB-5MS column in reference to n-alkanes.