Biotechnology Research International / 2012 / Article / Tab 3 / Review Article
Biotechnological Tools for Environmental Sustainability: Prospects and Challenges for Environments in Nigeria—A Standard Review Table 3 Biomarkers and their applications
Biomarker type Uses Reference Chlorophyll content Zea mays L. Detection of level of hydrocarbon contamination of agricultural soil [11 ] Sensitivity of Nitrobacter sp. Based on the effect of crude oil on oxidation of nitrite to nitrate [41 ] Azotobacter sp. Used in evaluating the effect of oil spill in aquatic environment [42 ] Algae/plant steranes and bacteria hopanes Steranes formed as components of crude oil and hopanes used to determine the source rock that generated a crude oil [43 ] Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) in fish in vivo Indicates exposure of fish to planar-halogenated hydrocarbons (PAHs) by receptor-mediated induction of cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase exposed to PAHs and similar contaminants [44 , 45 ]