Table 4: The variables associated with decrease in postoperative lung volumes (in % of the preoperative value), (). Univariate analyses.

Independent variables Dependent variables VC FEV1 IC (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) Male versus female — — 7.24 (−0.25, 14.7)† Diabetes — −9.22 (−18.2, −0.21)* — Airflow obstruction   −9.72 (−19.9, 0.51)†   Smoker versus no smoker — — −15.5 (−26.8, −4.20)* Postoperative weight gain (hyperhydration), kg — −1.16 (−2.41, 0.09)† — ICU time/4 h — 0.73 (0.54, 1.00)* —

VC: vital capacity, FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 second, IC: inspiratory capacity, airflow obstruction: defined as FEV1/VC or FVC < 70% or asthma, smoking (current smoker, smoker versus no smoker or nerver smoked), postoperative weight gain: relation between pre- and second postoperative day, ICU: intensive care unit. *, † 0.05–0.10, : regression coefficient, CI: confidence interval.