Review Article

Optimization of Preload in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock

Table 5

Complications of vascular catheters.

ImmediateDelayed

Central venous catheter and pulmonary artery catheters

BleedingInfection
Retroperitoneal hematoma (with femoral approach)Venous thrombosis, pulmonary emboli
Arterial punctureCatheter migration
ArrhythmiaCatheter embolization
Air embolismMyocardial perforation
Thoracic duct injury (with left SC or left IJ approach)Nerve injury
Catheter malposition
Pneumothorax or hemothorax

Arterial catheters

BleedingInfection
Retroperitoneal hematoma (with femoral approach)Thrombosis
Limb ischemia
Cerebral embolization
Nerve injury
Pseudoaneurysm
Arteriovenous fistula

IJ: internal jugular, SC: subclavian.