Intracranial Pressure Monitoring: Invasive versus Non-Invasive Methods—A Review

Table 3

The different technologies compared.

Technology	Accuracy	Rate of infection	Rate of hemorrhaging	Cost per patient	Miscellaneous
External ventricular drainage	High	Low to moderate	Low	Relatively low	Can be used for drainage of CSF and infusion of antibiotics
Microtransducer ICP monitoring devices	High	Low	Low	High	Some transducers have problems with high zero drift
Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography	Low	None	None	Low	High percentage of unsuccessful measurements
Tympanic membrane displacement	Low	None	None	Low	High percentage of unsuccessful measurements
Optic nerve Sheath diameter	Low	None	None	Low	Can potentially be used as a screening method of detecting raised ICP
MRI/CT	Low	None	None	Low	MRI has potential for being used for noninvasive estimation of ICP
Fundoscopy (papilledema)	Low	None	None	Low	Can be used as a screening method of detecting raised ICP, but not in cases of sudden raise in ICP, that is, trauma