Diabetes and Hemoglobin A1c as Risk Factors for Nosocomial Infections in Critically Ill Patients
Table 3
Risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).
Patients with VAP
Patients without VAP
OR
95% CI
P
Age (years)
65 ± 14
66 ±17
0.568
ΒMI
28 ± 5
28 ± 8
0.956
Apache II score
24 ± 5
25 ± 8
0.733
Sex (male)
29 (62%)
79 (58%)
1.183
0.600–2.332
0.628
Diabetes Mellitus
20 (43%)
50 (37%)
1.289
0.656–2.531
0.461
HbA1c ≥ 7%
12 (26%)
31 (23%)
1.172
0.544–2.527
0.685
Hypertension
20 (43%)
79 (58%)
0.544
0.278–1.063
0.073
Hyperlipidemia
9 (19%)
34 (25%)
0.717
0.315–1.635
0.428
Cardiac disease
15 (32%)
73 (53%)
0.411
0.204–0.827
0.011
COPD
7 (15%)
30 (22%)
0.624
0.254–1.534
0.301
Chronic kidney disease
4 (9%)
12 (9%)
0.969
0.297–3.164
0.958
Stroke
5 (11%)
18 (13%)
0.787
0.275–2.252
0.655
Cancer
3 (6%)
10 (7%)
0.866
0.228–3.290
0.832
Other
12 (26)
38 (28%)
0.893
0.420–1.900
0.769
Enteral feeding
36 (77%)
46 (34%)
6.474
3.020–13.881
<0.001
Parenteral feeding
43 (92%)
79 (58%)
7.892
2.683–23.221
<0.001
Blood transfusion in ICU
17 (36%)
18 (13%)
3.746
1.727–8.127
0.001
Corticosteroids in ICU
17 (36%)
30 (22%)
2.021
0.984–4.151
0.053
BSI in ICU
13 (28%)
16 (12%)
2.892
1.267–6.597
0.009
Infection on admission
22 (47%)
50 (37%)
1.531
0.783–2.993
0.211
BSI on admission
14 (30%)
22 (16%)
2.218
1.023–4.808
0.041
Previous surgery
7 (15%)
18 (13%)
1.152
0.450–2.973
0.762
Preceding intake of antibiotics
23 (49%)
52 (38%)
1.567
0.803–3.055
0.186
Preceding corticosteroid treatment
1 (2%)
7 (5%)
0.404
0.048–3.371
0.387
Previous hospitalization
21 (45%)
55 (40%)
1.204
0.617–2.351
0.586
Data are presented as (%) or mean (±SD). VAP: ventilator-associated pneumonia, ICU: intensive care unit, BMI: body mass index, COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, BSI: bloodstream infections.
