Acute Kidney Injury after Major Abdominal Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Table 1
Preoperative characteristics, type of surgery, intraoperative characteristics, postoperative complications, length of stay, and mortality of patients () undergoing major nonvascular abdominal surgery.
Variable
Preoperative characteristics
Age (years)
62 (16)
Male (%)
227 (50.4)
Caucasian (%)
431 (95.8)
Diabetes mellitus (%)
84 (18.7)
Hypertension (%)
225 (50)
Ischemic heart disease (%)
54 (12)
Congestive heart failure (%)
25 (5.6)
Cerebrovascular disease (%)
29 (6.4)
COPD (%)
25 (5.6)
Cirrhosis (%)
9 (2)
Solid malignancy (%)
190 (42.2)
Hematological malignancy (%)
8 (1.8)
ASA IV/V (%)
48 (10.7)
RCRI score
1.3 (0.6)
Nonrenal RCRI
1.2 (0.5)
Preoperative hemoglobin (g/dL)
11.1 (1.7)
Preoperative SCr (mg/dL)
1 (0.5)
Urgency surgery (%)
101 (22.4)
Type of surgery
Laparoscopy (%)
55 (12.2)
Laparotomy (%)
390 (86.7)
Laparoscopy converted to laparotomy (%)
5 (1.1)
Colorectal (%)
222 (49.3)
Gastric (%)
85 (18.9)
Hepatobiliary and pancreatic1 (%)
65 (14.4)
Small bowel (%)
19 (4.2)
Esophageal (%)
11 (2.4)
Other surgery (%)
48 (10.7)
Intraoperative characteristics
Duration of anestesia (min.)
223 (100)
IOH (number of records)
1 (1.8)
Crystalloids without colloids (%)
175 (38.9)
Crystalloids and colloids (%)
275 (61.1)
Erythrocytes (units)
0.5 (0.7)
Vasoactive drugs use (%)
80 (17.7)
Postoperative complications
Hemorrhage (%)
45 (10)
Anastomotic leak (%)
21 (4.7)
Surgical site infection (%)
71 (15.8)
Need for MV (%)
11 (2.4)
Admission to ICU (%)
13 (2.9)
SAPS II
23 (17.4)
Nonrenal SAPS II
20.8 (15.4)
Length of PACU stay (days)
4.4 (8.6)
Length of hospital stay (days)
12 (12.6)
PACU mortality (%)
20 (4.4)
In-hospital mortality (%)
29 (6.4)
COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists. RCRI: Revised Cardiac Risk Index. SCr: serum creatinine. IOH: intraoperative hypotension. MV: mechanical ventilation. ICU: intensive care unit. SAPS II: Simplified Acute Physiology Score, version II. PACU: Post-Anaesthesia Care Unit. 1Hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery includes gallbladder surgery (), hepatic surgery (), pancreatic surgery (), and bile ducts surgery ().
