Authors Definition criteria Patient number Overall mortality Outcome Murray et al. 2000 [7 ] Severe TBI (field GCS < 8 and head AIS > 3) 894 TBI: isolated TBI (570) 47.2% Prehospital intubation failed to demonstrate survival benefits in patients with severe TBI. Bochicchio et al. 2003 [9 ] Severe TBI (GCS score ≤ 8 and a HAIS score ≥ 3). Patients who died within 48 hours of admission were excluded 191 TBI: isolated TBI (68) 16.8% PHI had significantly increased mortality (23% versus 12.4%,
). Also, the risk of mortality was 1.85 times higher in PHI group compared to ED intubated patients. Wang et al. 2004 [19 ] Severe TBI (head/neck AIS ≥ 3) 4098 37% PHI is associated with increased risk of mortality (OR 3.99; 95% CI 3.21 to 4.93) and poor neurologic outcome (OR 1.61; 95% CI 1.15 to 2.26). Vandromme et al. 2011 [20 ] Severe TBI (prehospital GCS score ≤ 8) 149 46.9% PH intubation is associated with severe TBI but had no increased risk for mortality over ED intubation. Warner et al. 2007 [21 ] Severe TBI (head AIS score > 3), isolated TBI (head AIS score > 3 but no other AIS score > 2). 187 TBI: isolated TBI (95) 24.4% Targeted PHI is associated with lower mortality after severe TBI. Winchell and Hoyt 1997 [6 ] Head AIS ≥ 4 and GCS ≤ 8 671 TBI: isolated TBI (351) 57% Field intubation reduced mortality from 57% to 36% in patients with severe TBI and from 50% to 23% in isolated TBI Davis et al. 2005 [22 ] Moderate to severe TBI (head/neck AIS score of ≥ 3). 13,625 22.9% PHI is associated with increased mortality (55% versus 15%) in comparison to nonintubated patients with moderate to severe TBI. Present study Field GCS ≤ 8 and head AIS ≥ 3. Patients who died within first 24 hours were excluded 160 isolated severe TBI 46% No added benefit in PHI group. Scene motor GCS (OR 0.55; 95% CI 0.41–0.73) had a significant association with mortality.
