Etiology and Outcomes of ARDS in a Rural-Urban Fringe Hospital of South India

Table 3

Univariate analysis of risk factors for mortality.

Variable	Number	Relative risk	CI	Significance
Demographics
Age > 50 years	8/18	1.99	1.05–3.75	0.04*
Male sex	12/32	1.08	0.55–2.13	0.50
Illness duration < 1 week	20/54	1.296	0.38–4.39	0.66
Risk factors
Smoking	8/16	1.60	0.83–3.09	0.17
Alcohol	7/14	1.56	0.82–3.06	0.21
Smoking + alcohol	7/12	1.90	1.00–3.60	0.07*
Comorbidities	14/26	2.35	1.16–4.76	0.013*
Infection	17/46	1.10	0.49–2.49	0.52
Prior hospitalization	5/7	2.26	1.23–4.18	0.038*
Clinical signs
Temperature > 100 F	10/21	1.58	0.82–3.04	0.14
Heart rate > 100	17/42	1.53	0.66–3.55	0.20
Investigations
pH < 7.40	14/37	1.13	0.56–2.28	0.46
TLC > 11 (×10^3/L)	17/33	2.88	1.22–6.88	0.006*
Thrombocytopenia < 150 (×10^3/L)	9/25	0.99	0.50–1.96	0.99
Serum albumin < 3 g/dL	13/35	1.07	0.54–2.12	0.83
Nontropical infection	32/46	3.28	0.86–12.47	0.04*
Organ dysfunction
AKI	14/23	2.89	1.43–5.80	0.002*
Altered sensorium	20/29	11.03	2.82–43.16	<0.001*
Direct lung injury	15/45	0.76	0.38–1.52	0.32
ARDS	38/61	1.92	1.34–2.75	0.001*
SGOT > 3 times elevation	19/50	1.39	0.49–3.89	0.38
SGPT > 3 times elevation	20/54	1.29	0.38–4.39	0.50
APACHE II score > 20	14/61	5.36	2.81–10.22	<0.001*
Hospital course
ARDS after admission	10/15	2.55	1.39–4.67	0.004*
Ventilation > 7 days	11/17	2.58	1.39–4.81	0.005*
Inotrope use	20/29	11.03	2.81–43.16	<0.001*
CPR	18/19	17.19	2.54–116.11	<0.001*

TLC: total leukocyte count; AKI: acute kidney injury; ARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome; SOFA: sequential organ failure assessment score; APACHE: acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; SGOT: serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; SGPT: serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase; CPR: cardiopulmonary resuscitation. *indicates significant 𝑃 value <0.05