1Hypoxic/anoxic brain injury excluded; 2NORSE cases only; 3preexisting epilepsy in 32% of cases in Kantanen et al. and 10% of cases in Sutter et al.; statistically significant etiology of RSE as compared to NRSE; #statistically less likely etiology of RSE as compared to SE; NORSE = new-onset refractory status epilepticus, RSE = refractory status epilepticus, and NRSE = nonrefractory status epilepticus.