Table 1: Cytokine- and chemokine-expressing rBCG strains.

Strain Cytokine Species Immunological effect Reference IL-2 BCG (RBD) IL-2 m Th1 cyt prod, Antitumor, Cytotoxicity [30, 100, 101] IL-2 BCG (MAO) IL-2 r Th1 cyt prod [100] BCG-CI IL-2 h Anti-BCG [102] BCG-CII IL-2 h Anti-BCG [102] BCG-IL-2 IL-2 m CI, Th1 & Th2 cyt prod [103] BCG-GM-CSF GM-CSF m CI, Th1 & Th2 cyt prod, DC act, Anti-M.tb [103, 104] BCG-IFN-γ IFN-γ m CI, Th1 & Th2 cyt prod, Anti-BCG [103, 105] rBCG/IL-2 IL-2 m CI, Th1 cyt prod, Anti-BCG [106–108] rBCG-IL-2/GFP IL-2 m CI, Th1 cyt prod, Anti-BCG [109] rBCG (α-Ag-IL-2) IL-2 m Th1 cyt prod, Cytotoxicity [28] BCG-IFN-γ IFN-γ m Th1 cyt prod, Anti-BCG [110] rBCG-IFN-α IFN-α 2B h Th1 cyt prod, Cytotoxicity [38, 111, 112] rBCG/IL-18 IL-18 m no clear effect [108] BCG IL-18 IL-18 m Th1 & Th2 cyt prod [113, 114] BCG-hIL2MUC1 IL-2 h CI, Th1 cyt prod, Antitumor [95, 96] rBCG-IFN-γ IFN-γ m CI, Th1 cyt prod, Antitumor [115] rBCG-IL-18 IL-18 m Th1 cyt prod, Anti-BCG, Cytotoxicity [29, 30] rBCG-huIL-2-ESAT6 IL-2 h CI, Th1 cyt prod, Cytotoxicity, HI [116] rBCG-IL-2 IL-2 h Th1 cyt prod [112] BCGMCP-3 MCP-3 m CI, Anti-BCG [117] rBCG-AEI IFN-γ m CI, HI, Anti-M.tb [118] rBCG-Ag85B-IL15 IL-15 m CI, Th1 cyt prod, Anti-M.tb [119] rBCG-MVNTR4-CSF GM-CSF h CI, Th1 cyt prod, Antitumor [97, 99] rBCG-MVNTR8-CSF GM-CSF h CI, Th1 cyt prod, Antitumor [97, 99] rBCG-Ag85B-Esat6-TNF-α TNF-α m CI, HI [120]

Anti-BCG: anti-BCG infection; Anti-M.tb: anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection; CI: cellular immunity; DC act: dendritic cell activation; h: human; HI: humoral immunity; m: mouse; r: rat; Th1 cyt prod: T helper type 1 cytokine production; Th2 cyt prod: T helper type 2 cytokine production.