Table 1: An overview of (pre)clinical complement inhibitors.

Complement inhibitor Medicine Diseases Study phase Recombinant C1 inhibitor Conestat alfa HAE Side effects: headache and allergy. In clinical use, EU approved. (Ruconest in Europe/Rhucin in USA) Plasma-derived C1 inhibitors Berinert P/cinryze HAE In clinical use, FDA approved. C3 inhibitors Compstatin (POT-4) AMD Phase II Staphylococcal complement inhibitor (SCIN)   Preclinical Myristoylated peptidyl derived from soluble CR1 Mirococept (APT070) Delayed graft function of cadaveric kidney after transplantation. Phase II Factor H Plasma-derived factor H concentrate HUS, AMD Preclinical TT30/targeted alternative pathway inhibitor/factor H PNH, AMD Phase I Factor D inhibitor Anticomplement factor D AMD Phase II Factor B inhibitor TA106/anti-complement factor B AMD Preclinical C5 inhibitors Eculizumab PNH Side effects: headache, thrombocytopenia, gastrointestinal complaints and infections. Before use: vaccination against meningococcal infection. In clinical use, FDA approved. Various other diseases, for example, kidney transplants, HUS, AMD. Phase I Pexelizumab   Phase III study failed Mubodina HUS Preclinical Ergidina Ischemia/reperfusion injury Preclinical ARC 1905 AMD Phase I C5a inhibitor PMX 53 and several other compounds AMD Phase II study discontinued Osteoarthritis Phase I Targeted complement inhibitors Targeted (CR2 mediated) complement inhibitors Chronic glomerulonephritis Phase I

HAE: hereditary angioedema; AMD: acute macular degeneration; HUS: haemolytic uraemic syndrome; PNH: paroxysmal nocturnal haematuria.