- About this Journal
- Abstracting and Indexing
- Aims and Scope
- Annual Issues
- Article Processing Charges
- Articles in Press
- Author Guidelines
- Bibliographic Information
- Citations to this Journal
- Contact Information
- Editorial Board
- Editorial Workflow
- Free eTOC Alerts
- Publication Ethics
- Reviewers Acknowledgment
- Submit a Manuscript
- Subscription Information
- Table of Contents
Clinical and Developmental Immunology
Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 760965, 8 pages
doi:10.1155/2012/760965
Immunotherapy of Cancer: Reprogramming Tumor-Immune Crosstalk
1Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
2Department of Internal Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
3Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
Received 2 August 2012; Accepted 25 September 2012
Academic Editor: Guido Kroemer
Copyright © 2012 Kyle K. Payne et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Linked References
- M. A. Cobleigh, “Other options in the treatment of advanced breast cancer,” Seminars in Oncology, vol. 38, supplement 2, pp. S11–S16, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- S. R. Johnston, “The role of chemotherapy and targeted agents in patients with metastatic breast cancer,” European Journal of Cancer, vol. 47, supplement 3, pp. S38–S47, 2011.
- J. Berry, “Are all aromatase inhibitors the same? A review of controlled clinical trials in breast cancer,” Clinical Therapeutics, vol. 27, no. 11, pp. 1671–1684, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- C. J. Markopoulos, “Minimizing early relapse and maximizing treatment outcomes in hormone-sensitive postmenopausal breast cancer: efficacy review of AI trials,” Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 581–594, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. M. Brewster, G. N. Hortobagyi, K. R. Broglio et al., “Residual risk of breast cancer recurrence 5 years after adjuvant therapy,” Journal of the National Cancer Institute, vol. 100, no. 16, pp. 1179–1183, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- J. R. Benson, I. Jatoi, M. Keisch, F. J. Esteva, A. Makris, and V. C. Jordan, “Early breast cancer,” The Lancet, vol. 373, no. 9673, pp. 1463–1479, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- G. Curigliano, G. Spitaleri, E. Petri et al., “Breast cancer vaccines: a clinical reality or fairy tale?” Annals of Oncology, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 750–762, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- J. Zhou and Y. Zhong, “Breast cancer immunotherapy,” Cellular & Molecular Immunology, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 247–255, 2004. View at Scopus
- M. Z. Ladjemi, W. Jacot, T. Chardès, A. Pèlegrin, and I. Navarro-Teulon, “Anti-HER2 vaccines: new prospects for breast cancer therapy,” Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy, vol. 59, no. 9, pp. 1295–1312, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. G. Chapuis, J. A. Thompson, K. A. Margolin, et al., “Transferred melanoma-specific CD8+ T cells persist, mediate tumor regression, and acquire central memory phenotype,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 109, no. 12, pp. 4592–4597, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- H. K. Le, L. Graham, C. H. Miller, M. Kmieciak, M. H. Manjili, and H. D. Bear, “Incubation of antigen-sensitized T lymphocytes activated with bryostatin 1 + ionomycin in IL-7 + IL-15 increases yield of cells capable of inducing regression of melanoma metastases compared to culture in IL-2,” Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy, vol. 58, no. 10, pp. 1565–1576, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- S. Tuve, B. M. Chen, Y. Liu et al., “Combination of tumor site-located CTL-associated antigen-4 blockade and systemic regulatory T-cell depletion induces tumor-destructive immune responses,” Cancer Research, vol. 67, no. 12, pp. 5929–5939, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- H. Bernhard, J. Neudorfer, K. Gebhard et al., “Adoptive transfer of autologous, HER2-specific, cytotoxic T lymphocytes for the treatment of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer,” Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 271–280, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- J. K. Morales, M. Kmieciak, L. Graham, M. Feldmesser, H. D. Bear, and M. H. Manjili, “Adoptive transfer of HER2/neu-specific T cells expanded with alternating gamma chain cytokines mediate tumor regression when combined with the depletion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells,” Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 941–953, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- M. Kmieciak, D. Basu, K. K. Payne et al., “Activated NKT cells and NK cells render T cells resistant to myeloid-derived suppressor cells and result in an effective adoptive cellular therapy against breast cancer in the FVBN202 transgenic mouse,” Journal of Immunology, vol. 187, no. 2, pp. 708–717, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- E. Y. Woo, C. S. Chu, T. J. Goletz et al., “Regulatory CD4+CD25+ T cells in tumors from patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer and late-stage ovarian cancer,” Cancer Research, vol. 61, no. 12, pp. 4766–4772, 2001. View at Scopus
- J. Stagg, U. Divisekera, N. McLaughlin et al., “Anti-CD73 antibody therapy inhibits breast tumor growth and metastasis,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 107, no. 4, pp. 1547–1552, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- C. Bergmann, L. Strauss, Y. Wang et al., “T regulatory type 1 cells in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: mechanisms of suppression and expansion in advanced disease,” Clinical Cancer Research, vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 3706–3715, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. M. Thornton and E. M. Shevach, “CD4+CD25+ immunoregulatory T cells suppress polyclonal T cell activation in vitro by inhibiting interleukin 2 production,” Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol. 188, no. 2, pp. 287–296, 1998. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- J. Shimizu, S. Yamazaki, and S. Sakaguchi, “Induction of tumor immunity by removing CD25+CD4+ T cells: a common basis between tumor immunity and autoimmunity,” Journal of Immunology, vol. 163, no. 10, pp. 5211–5218, 1999. View at Scopus
- M. R. Young, M. A. Wright, Y. Lozano et al., “Increased recurrence and metastasis in patients whose primary head and neck squamous cell carcinomas secreted granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and contained CD34+ natural suppressor cells,” International Journal of Cancer, vol. 74, pp. 69–74, 1997.
- L. Bingle, N. J. Brown, and C. E. Lewis, “The role of tumour-associated macrophages in tumour progression: implications for new anticancer therapies,” Journal of Pathology, vol. 196, no. 3, pp. 254–265, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- C. M. Diaz-Montero, M. L. Salem, M. I. Nishimura, E. Garrett-Mayer, D. J. Cole, and A. J. Montero, “Increased circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells correlate with clinical cancer stage, metastatic tumor burden, and doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide chemotherapy,” Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 49–59, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- B. L. Mundy-Bosse, L. M. Thornton, H. C. Yang, B. L. Andersen, and W. E. Carson, “Psychological stress is associated with altered levels of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in breast cancer patients,” Cellular Immunology, vol. 270, no. 1, pp. 80–87, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- P. Filipazzi, V. Huber, and L. Rivoltini, “Phenotype, function and clinical implication of myeloid-derived suppressor cell in cancer patients,” Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy, vol. 61, pp. 255–263, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- S. Ohki, M. Shibata, K. Gonda et al., “Circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells are increased and correlate to immune suppression, inflammation and hypoproteinemia in patients with cancer,” Oncology Reports, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 453–458, 2012.
- M. Terabe, S. Matsui, J. M. Park et al., “Transforming growth factor-β production and myeloid cells are an effector mechanism through Which CD1d-restricted T cells block cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated tumor immunosurveillance: abrogation prevents tumor recurrence,” Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol. 198, no. 11, pp. 1741–1752, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- S. Kusmartsev, Y. Nefedova, D. Yoder, and D. I. Gabrilovich, “Antigen-specific inhibition of CD8+ T cell response by immature myeloid cells in cancer is mediated by reactive oxygen species,” Journal of Immunology, vol. 172, no. 2, pp. 989–999, 2004. View at Scopus
- A. Viola and V. Bronte, “Metabolic mechanisms of cancer-induced inhibition of immune responses,” Seminars in Cancer Biology, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 309–316, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- C. A. Corzo, M. J. Cotter, P. Cheng et al., “Mechanism regulating reactive oxygen species in tumor-induced myeloid-derived suppressor cells,” Journal of Immunology, vol. 182, no. 9, pp. 5693–5701, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- J. I. Youn, S. Nagaraj, M. Collazo, and D. I. Gabrilovich, “Subsets of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in tumor-bearing mice,” Journal of Immunology, vol. 181, no. 8, pp. 5791–5802, 2008. View at Scopus
- T. F. Greten, M. P. Manns, and F. Korangy, “Myeloid derived suppressor cells in human diseases,” International Immunopharmacology, vol. 11, no. 7, pp. 802–807, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- S. Nagaraj, M. Collazo, C. A. Corzo et al., “Regulatory myeloid suppressor cells in health and disease,” Cancer Research, vol. 69, no. 19, pp. 7503–7506, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- M. Kmieciak, J. K. Morales, J. Morales, E. Bolesta, M. Grimes, and M. H. Manjili, “Danger signals and nonself entity of tumor antigen are both required for eliciting effective immune responses against HER-2/neu positive mammary carcinoma: implications for vaccine design,” Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy, vol. 57, no. 9, pp. 1391–1398, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- S. Moulis and D. C. Sgroi, “Re-evaluating early breast neoplasia,” Breast Cancer Research, vol. 10, no. 1, article 302, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- S. R. Lakhani, “The transition from hyperplasia to invasive carcinoma of the breast,” The Journal of Pathology, vol. 187, pp. 272–278, 1999.
- M. Habibi, M. Kmieciak, L. Graham, J. K. Morales, H. D. Bear, and M. H. Manjili, “Radiofrequency thermal ablation of breast tumors combined with intralesional administration of IL-7 and IL-15 augments anti-tumor immune responses and inhibits tumor development and metastasis,” Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, vol. 114, no. 3, pp. 423–431, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- Y. Liu, L. Lai, Q. Chen et al., “MicroRNA-494 is required for the accumulation and functions of tumor-expanded myeloid-derived suppressor cells via targeting of PTEN,” The Journal of Immunology, vol. 188, no. 11, pp. 5500–5510, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- J. I. Youn, M. Collazo, I. N. Shalova, S. K. Biswas, and D. I. Gabrilovich, “Characterization of the nature of granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in tumor-bearing mice,” Journal of Leukocyte Biology, vol. 91, no. 1, pp. 167–181, 2012.
- H. L. Kaufman, D. W. Kim, G. Deraffele, J. Mitcham, R. S. Coffin, and S. Kim-Schulze, “Local and distant immunity induced by intralesional vaccination with an oncolytic herpes virus encoding GM-CSF in patients with stage IIIc and IV melanoma,” Annals of Surgical Oncology, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 718–730, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- C. Meyer, A. Sevko, M. Ramacher et al., “Chronic inflammation promotes myeloid-derived suppressor cell activation blocking antitumor immunity in transgenic mouse melanoma model,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 108, no. 41, pp. 17111–17116, 2011.
- I. Poschke, D. Mougiakakos, J. Hansson, G. V. Masucci, and R. Kiessling, “Immature immunosuppressive CD14+HLA-DR−/low cells in melanoma patients are Stat3hi and overexpress CD80, CD83, and DC-sign,” Cancer Research, vol. 70, no. 11, pp. 4335–4345, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- P. Filipazzi, R. Valenti, V. Huber et al., “Identification of a new subset of myeloid suppressor cells in peripheral blood of melanoma patients with modulation by a granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulation factor-based antitumor vaccine,” Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol. 25, no. 18, pp. 2546–2553, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- H. J. Ko, J. M. Lee, Y. J. Kim, Y. S. Kim, K. A. Lee, and C. Y. Kang, “Immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells can be converted into immunogenic APCs with the help of activated NKT cells: an alternative cell-based antitumor vaccine,” Journal of Immunology, vol. 182, no. 4, pp. 1818–1828, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- F. Mussai, C. De Santo, and V. Cerundolo, “Interaction between invariant NKT cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer patients: evidence and therapeutic opportunities,” Journal of Immunotherapy, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 449–459, 2012.
- A. J. G. Simpson, O. L. Caballero, A. Jungbluth, Y. T. Chen, and L. J. Old, “Cancer/testis antigens, gametogenesis and cancer,” Nature Reviews Cancer, vol. 5, no. 8, pp. 615–625, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- P. Van Der Bruggen, C. Traversari, P. Chomez et al., “A gene encoding an antigen recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes on a human melanoma,” Science, vol. 254, no. 5038, pp. 1643–1647, 1991. View at Scopus
- N. N. Hunder, H. Wallen, J. Cao et al., “Treatment of metastatic melanoma with autologous CD4+ T cells against NY-ESO-1,” New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 358, no. 25, pp. 2698–2703, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- F. Meklat, Z. Li, Z. Wang et al., “Cancer-testis antigens in haematological malignancies,” British Journal of Haematology, vol. 136, no. 6, pp. 769–776, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. Mischo, B. Kubuschok, K. Ertan et al., “Prospective study on the expression of cancer testis genes and antibody responses in 100 consecutive patients with primary breast cancer,” International Journal of Cancer, vol. 118, no. 3, pp. 696–703, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- T. Badovinac-Crnjevic, G. Spagnoli, A. Juretic, et al., “High expression of MAGE-A10 cancer-testis antigen in triple-negative breast cancer,” Medical Oncology, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 1586–1591, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- Y. Sugita, H. Wada, S. Fujita, et al., “NY-ESO-1 expression and immunogenicity in malignant and benign breast tumors,” Cancer Research, vol. 64, pp. 2199–2204, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- M. J. Scanlan, A. O. Gure, A. A. Jungbluth, L. J. Old, and Y. T. Chen, “Cancer/testis antigens: an expanding family of targets for cancer immunotherapy,” Immunological Reviews, vol. 188, pp. 22–32, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- J. P. Theurillat, F. Ingold, C. Frei et al., “NY-ESO-1 protein expression in primary breast carcinoma and metastases - Correlation with CD8+ T-cell and CD79a+ plasmacytic/B-cell infiltration,” International Journal of Cancer, vol. 120, no. 11, pp. 2411–2417, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- F. Fang, C. Balch, J. Schilder et al., “A phase 1 and pharmacodynamic study of decitabine in combination with carboplatin in patients with recurrent, platinum-resistant, epithelial ovarian cancer,” Cancer, vol. 116, no. 17, pp. 4043–4053, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- J. U. Guo, Y. Su, C. Zhong, G. L. Ming, and H. Song, “Emerging roles of TET proteins and 5-hydroxymethylcytosines in active DNA demethylation and beyond,” Cell Cycle, vol. 10, no. 16, pp. 2662–2668, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- A. Bird, “DNA methylation patterns and epigenetic memory,” Genes and Development, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 6–21, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- T. Ushijima, “Detection and interpretation of altered methylation patterns in cancer cells,” Nature Reviews Cancer, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 223–231, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- M. L. Ascierto, M. Kmieciak, M. O. Idowu et al., “A signature of immune function genes associated with recurrence-free survival in breast cancer patients,” Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, vol. 131, no. 3, pp. 871–880, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- S. M. Pulukuri and J. S. Rao, “Activation of p53/p21Waf1/Cip1 pathway by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine inhibits cell proliferation, induces pro-apoptotic genes and mitogen-activated protein kinases in human prostate cancer cells,” International Journal of Oncology, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 863–871, 2005. View at Scopus
- D. Yang, C. M. Torres, K. Bardhan, M. Zimmerman, T. L. McGaha, and K. Liu, “Decitabine and vorinostat cooperate to sensitize colon carcinoma cells to fas ligand-induced apoptosis in vitro and tumor suppression in vivo,” The Journal of Immunology, vol. 188, no. 9, pp. 4441–4449, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- M. Y. Chen, W. S. Liao, Z. Lu et al., “Decitabine and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) inhibit growth of ovarian cancer cell lines and xenografts while inducing expression of imprinted tumor suppressor genes, apoptosis, G2/M arrest, and autophagy,” Cancer, vol. 117, no. 19, pp. 4424–4438, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- L. Bao, K. Dunham, and K. Lucas, “MAGE-A1, MAGE-A3, and NY-ESO-1 can be upregulated on neuroblastoma cells to facilitate cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated tumor cell killing,” Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy, vol. 60, no. 9, pp. 1299–1307, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- M. Almstedt, N. Blagitko-Dorfs, J. Duque-Afonso et al., “The DNA demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine induces expression of NY-ESO-1 and other cancer/testis antigens in myeloid leukemia cells,” Leukemia Research, vol. 34, no. 7, pp. 899–905, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. A. Toor, K. K. Payne, H. M. Chung et al., “Epigenetic induction of adaptive immune response in multiple myeloma: sequential azacitidine and lenalidomide generate cancer testis antigen-specific cellular immunity,” British Journal of Haematology, vol. 158, no. 6, pp. 700–711, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- “Re-expression of ER in Triple Negative Breast Cancers,” http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01194908?term=decitabine+and+breast+cancer&rank=1.
- E. J. Geutjes, S. Tian, P. Roepman, and R. Bernards, “Deoxycytidine kinase is overexpressed in poor outcome breast cancer and determines responsiveness to nucleoside analogs,” Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, vol. 131, no. 3, pp. 809–818, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. Truneh, F. Albert, P. Golstein, and A. M. Schmitt-Verhulst, “Early steps of lymphocyte activation bypassed by synergy between calcium ionophores and phorbol ester,” Nature, vol. 313, no. 6000, pp. 318–320, 1985. View at Scopus
- T. M. Tuttle, T. H. Inge, K. P. Bethke, C. W. McCrady, G. R. Pettit, and H. D. Bear, “Activation and growth of murine tumor-specific T-cells which have in vivo activity with bryostatin 1,” Cancer Research, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 548–553, 1992. View at Scopus
- T. Chatila, L. Silverman, R. Miller, and R. Geha, “Mechanisms of T cell activation by the calcium ionophore ionomycin,” Journal of Immunology, vol. 143, no. 4, pp. 1283–1289, 1989. View at Scopus
- M. G. Kazanietz, N. E. Lewin, F. Gao, G. R. Pettit, and P. M. Blumberg, “Binding of [26-3H]bryostatin 1 and analogs to calcium-dependent and calcium-independent protein kinase C isozymes,” Molecular Pharmacology, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 374–379, 1994. View at Scopus
- T. Chatila, L. Silverman, R. Miller, and R. Geha, “Mechanisms of T cell activation by the calcium ionophore ionomycin,” Journal of Immunology, vol. 143, no. 4, pp. 1283–1289, 1989. View at Scopus
- M. G. Kazanietz, N. E. Lewin, F. Gao, G. R. Pettit, and P. M. Blumberg, “Binding of [26-3H]bryostatin 1 and analogs to calcium-dependent and calcium-independent protein kinase C isozymes,” Molecular Pharmacology, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 374–379, 1994. View at Scopus
- J. K. Morales, M. Kmieciak, K. L. Knutson, H. D. Bear, and M. H. Manjili, “GM-CSF is one of the main breast tumor-derived soluble factors involved in the differentiation of CD11b-Gr1-bone marrow progenitor cells into myeloid-derived suppressor cells,” Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, vol. 123, no. 1, pp. 39–49, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- M. Gehrmann, J. Marienhagen, H. Eichholtz-Wirth et al., “Dual function of membrane-bound heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), Bag-4, and Hsp40: protection against radiation-induced effects and target structure for natural killer cells,” Cell Death and Differentiation, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 38–51, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- T. E. Schmid and G. Multhoff, “Radiation-induced stress proteins—the role of heat shock proteins (HSP) in anti- tumor responses,” Current Medicinal Chemistry, vol. 19, no. 12, pp. 1765–1770, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- S. Gasser, S. Orsulic, E. J. Brown, and D. H. Raulet, “The DNA damage pathway regulates innate immune system ligands of the NKG2D receptor,” Nature, vol. 436, no. 7054, pp. 1186–1190, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- L. Apetoh, F. Ghiringhelli, A. Tesniere et al., “Toll-like receptor 4-dependent contribution of the immune system to anticancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy,” Nature Medicine, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 1050–1059, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- H. Fang, Y. Wu, X. Huang et al., “Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is essential for Hsp70-like protein 1 (HSP70L1) to activate dendritic cells and induce Th1 response,” The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 286, no. 35, pp. 30393–30400, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- J. Y. Kim, Y. O. Son, S. W. Park et al., “Increase of NKG2D ligands and sensitivity to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity of tumor cells by heat shock and ionizing radiation,” Experimental and Molecular Medicine, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 474–484, 2006. View at Scopus
- J. A. Aguirre-Ghiso, “Models, mechanisms and clinical evidence for cancer dormancy,” Nature Reviews Cancer, vol. 7, no. 11, pp. 834–846, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. F. Chambers, A. C. Groom, and I. C. MacDonald, “Dissemination and growth of cancer cells in metastatic sites,” Nature Reviews Cancer, vol. 2, no. 8, pp. 563–572, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- P. Goss, A. L. Allan, D. I. Rodenhiser, P. J. Foster, and A. F. Chambers, “New clinical and experimental approaches for studying tumor dormancy: does tumor dormancy offer a therapeutic target?” Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica et Immunologica, vol. 116, no. 7-8, pp. 552–568, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- T. G. Karrison, D. J. Ferguson, and P. Meier, “Dormancy of mammary carcinoma after mastectomy,” Journal of the National Cancer Institute, vol. 91, no. 1, pp. 80–85, 1999. View at Scopus
- N. Almog, “Molecular mechanisms underlying tumor dormancy,” Cancer Letters, vol. 294, no. 2, pp. 139–146, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- H. A. Coller, L. Sang, and J. M. Roberts, “A new description of cellular quiescence,” PLoS Biology, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 0329–0349, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- R. Pelayo, K. Miyazaki, J. Huang, K. P. Garrett, D. G. Osmond, and P. W. Kincade, “Cell cycle quiescence of early lymphoid progenitors in adult bone marrow,” Stem Cells, vol. 24, no. 12, pp. 2703–2713, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus