Table 1: Genetic and genital mucosa host factors associated with resistance to HIV-1 infection in several HESN cohorts.

HIV-resistant host factors Genetic Genital mucosa KIR3D L1/S1 [59] Protease inhibitors (SLPI, lactoferrin, serpins, cystatins, trappin-2/elafin) [2, 84–87] KIR2D L2/L3 [60] HLA class 1 alleles [61–65] Defensins () [2] IRF-1 [66] CC- chemokines [9, 79, 80] TLR 9 [67] APOBEC3G, TRIM5, tetherin, SAMHD1, LEDGF/p75 [81–83] CCR532 [68–76] Elevated DC and NK cell frequencies/activities [58] CCR2b [77, 78] CD4+- and CD8+-specific immune responses and reduced T-cell MIP-1 [79] activation [2, 88–97] MIP-1 [80] Cross-clade neutralizing specific IgA (transcytosis inhibition and ADCC activities) [2, 88–94, 98, 99]

ADCC: antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity; APOBEC: apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing catalytic polypeptide-like; CTL: cytotoxic T lymphocyte; DC: dendritic cell; HESN: highly-exposed HIV-seronegative; HLA: human leucocyte antigen; IRF: interferon-regulating factor; KIR: killing inhibitory receptor; LEDGF: Lens epithelium-derived growth factor; MIP: macrophage inflammatory protein; NK: natural killer; SAMHD: sterile alpha motif and HD domain; SLPI: secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor; TLR: Toll-like receptor; TRIM: tripartite motif.